{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T17:31:21Z","timestamp":1778347881377,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center of Intelligent Systems for Emerging Technology (CISET), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3597020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T18:41:05Z","timestamp":1754678465000},"page":"145223-145242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Task-Incremental Learning via a Prompt-Based Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-Vision Transformer (ViT) Framework"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4776-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuomin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9873-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis Salwa Mohd","family":"Khairuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9058-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Huang","family":"Chuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7643-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Ru","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad Fahad","family":"Noman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2736-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3524609"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cvi2.70013"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Continual learning: Overcoming catastrophic forgetting for adaptive AI systems","author":"Salwa","year":"2025","journal-title":"TechRxiv"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3349001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01148"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"27414","article-title":"On the stability-plasticity dilemma in continual meta-learning: Theory and algorithm","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Chen"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Continual learning in recurrent neural networks","author":"Ehret","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.12109"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.01.012"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3367329"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3054782"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Continual learning with recursive gradient optimization","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.09.004"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3925","article-title":"Learn to grow: A continual structure learning framework for overcoming catastrophic forgetting","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-88832-9_81"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.02.004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.787139"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.08.013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0153"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<566::AID-HIPO2>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102728"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.102996"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06465-y"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"A review of findings from neuroscience and cognitive psychology as possible inspiration for the path to artificial general intelligence","author":"Leon","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.10904"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16115"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.045"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2695-4"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13081197"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1092420"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9110300"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1605027"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172100533X"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052356"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Role for astrocytes in complex cognition: An evolutionary, behavioral and computational perspective","author":"Simandl","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.04.002"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Neuromodulation via muscarinic acetylcholine pathway can facilitate distinct, complementary, and sequential roles for NREM and REM states during sleep-dependent memory consolidation","author":"Satchell","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23533"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15913"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32410-0"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-443-15754-7.00070-5"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60078-9"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611835114"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06910-3"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"3987","article-title":"Continual learning through synaptic intelligence","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zenke"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.10.014"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3147237"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00399"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Discovering long-term effects on parameter efficient fine-tuning","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv: 409.06706v1"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ICLR"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00024"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.2300389"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Context-tuning: Learning contextualized prompts for natural language generation","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2201.08670"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2023.110928"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54864-2_1"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Prefix-tuning: Optimizing continuous prompts for generation","author":"Lisa Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2101.00190"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2024.01.012"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616515114"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1243976"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41025-y"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137590"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/adb187"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1223891"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02411-x"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109688"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114894"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.02.069"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020258"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0001"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0155"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0158"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2017.12.005"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0260"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i9.26275"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2023.935177"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05565-9"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1842","article-title":"Meta-learning with memory-augmented neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Santoro"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.05.005"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.61"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2712793"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3007548"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-022-06283-9"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2013.77"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58621-8_23"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"6470","article-title":"Gradient episodic memory for continual learning","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"L\u00f3pez-Paz"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Efficient lifelong learning with A-GEM","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1812.00420"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.10.021"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"15920","article-title":"Dark experience for general continual learning: A strong, simple baseline","author":"Buzzega","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeurIPS"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11121184.pdf?arnumber=11121184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T20:47:46Z","timestamp":1756154866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11121184\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3597020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}