{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:00:53Z","timestamp":1772823653327,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cIncreasing the Knowledge Intensity of Ida-Viru Entrepreneurship\u201d"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-2027.6.01.23-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2027.6.01.23-0034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union and Estonian Research Council","award":["TEM-TA78"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEM-TA78"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004787","name":"Estonian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSG739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSG739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3599989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T19:46:26Z","timestamp":1755546386000},"page":"146579-146602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Landscape of End User Energy Flexibility: A Systematic Review of Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5493-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahur","family":"Maask","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Agabus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6751-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Tiismus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Astapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-2678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roya","family":"AhmadiAhangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7368-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarmo","family":"Kor\u00f5tko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argo","family":"Rosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Directive (EU) 2023\/2413\u2014Renewable Energy Directive","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"A European Green Deal","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Renewable Energy Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14061553"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.107361"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eeeic.2019.8783634"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.08.003"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.07.038"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.107953"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.03.005"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2020.100385"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"The Economics of Explicit Demand-Side Flexibility in Distribution Grids: The Case of Mandatory Curtailment for a Fixed Level of Compensation","author":"Nouicer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Innovation Landscape Brief: Future Role of Distribution System Operators","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Bulk virtual power plant, a novel concept for improving frequency control and stability in presence of large scale RES","volume":"4","author":"Ahangar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mechatronics, Elect. Comput. Technol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2050-7038.12106"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2013.1253"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103070"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40518-019-00143-2"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Status of Power System Transformation 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2008.04.003"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Power System Flexibility for the Energy Transition, Part 1: Overview for Policy Makers","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/grz001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w21113"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-023-02202-w"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2015.10.045"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111850"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/oap-cired.2021.0112"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eem54602.2022.9921158"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2017.2787716"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111192"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115050"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14050128"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"State-of-the-art review of smart energy management systems for supporting zero-emission electric vehicles with X2V and V2X interactions","volume":"217","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121217"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Global EV Outlook 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Space Heating","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Norwegian EV Market Surges To 91.5% Market Share, Setting a Sustainable Example","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.11.036"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/smartgridcomm.2018.8587444"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113847"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.124447"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106777"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adapen.2023.100130"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14020519"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-020-00126-4"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-023-1026-0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.116054"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113631"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14042311"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113369"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.121490"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.110932"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202124611005"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13010046"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2600\/8\/082002"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.108462"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.03.152"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-020-0751-x"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.105778"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/983\/1\/012024"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112575"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012099"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110142"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/epec47565.2019.9074815"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131126"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.115355"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2021.1373"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14030558"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2021.736439"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2018.04.082"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.04.041"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15051793"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.124475"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16020961"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eem60825.2024.10608965"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.118825"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eee-am58328.2023.10394920"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114141"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17442591241267833"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17205113"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202236212003"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11071846"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.118975"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15249314"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113750"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14093008"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110027"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cpe-powereng58103.2023.10227482"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.124081"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114234"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sege59172.2023.10274594"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202124611001"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.02.040"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102392"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114404"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111775"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121590"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2018.2815949"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.02.058"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.119756"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.110923"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isgt-europe54678.2022.9960556"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj10010014"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2021.06.008"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108802"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.107195"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14040866"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2022.0763"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.114525"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14102787"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icpes59999.2023.10400144"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121792"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2020.100304"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/epec.2018.8598417"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pesgm52003.2023.10253080"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.04.135"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2019.0233"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.08.005"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/it48810.2020.9070702"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.12.001"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2022.112447"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2022.3200590"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.103999"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ssci.2018.8628918"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202452302001"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2021.116779"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eem58374.2023.10161699"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.112876"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123417"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11010182"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2021.100104"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.111551"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13215617"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ei252483.2021.9712908"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333882"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2023.101195"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.123415"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113878"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2023.101193"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17020541"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isgteurope.2018.8571861"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eem.2019.8916343"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.111552"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ei2.2018.8582240"},{"key":"ref147","volume-title":"Dwellings by Type of Building, Number of Rooms or Useful Floor Space and NUTS 3 Region","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11129056.pdf?arnumber=11129056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T04:30:01Z","timestamp":1756355401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11129056\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":147,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3599989","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}