{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:24:05Z","timestamp":1773156245186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2025\/01\/32990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2025\/01\/32990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3602390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T20:47:29Z","timestamp":1756154849000},"page":"174236-174253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Toward Secure, Trustworthy, and Sustainable Edge Computing for Smart Cities: Innovative Strategies and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7638-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manel","family":"Mrabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8296-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Sliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Communication of Tunis (SUP’COM), Communication Networks and Security Research Laboratory (LR11TIC04), University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"109","article-title":"A survey of fog computing in wireless sensor networks: Concepts, frameworks, applications and issues","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Sensor Wireless Netw."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3081770"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102394"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2565516"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10471-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22082908"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2021.1936455"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist. (AISTATS)","author":"McMahan"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102779"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202560805029"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"GreenScale: Carbon-aware systems for edge computing","author":"Geun Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.00404"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2024.103009"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2918437"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3062546"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Trustcom.2015.357"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3119639"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"NIST Releases First 3 Finalized Post-Quantum Encryption Standards","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1644"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3659997.3660033"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70694-8_15"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.7539"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Integration of blockchain and edge computing in Internet of Things: A survey","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2205.13160"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32629\/jai.v7i1.624"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/asscc.2017.8240217"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061675"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBAIE49996.2020.00027"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISCE48695.2019.00062"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22214\/ijraset.2022.41862"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIE57029.2022.00091"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.11.016"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIoT48696.2020.9089465"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000297"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3349587"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EdgeCom62867.2024.00025"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCloud62866.2024.00012"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3331274"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FRUCT64283.2024.10749858"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3332256"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151813951"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT61001.2024.10724334"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jerr\/2024\/v26i71214"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2022.109486"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03623-y"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66787-4_4"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS-IoT61029.2024.00070"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.8332"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4178246"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56726\/irjmets51367"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM52923.2024.10901640"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62102-4_5"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"HTCNN: High-throughput batch CNN inference with homomorphic encryption for edge computing","author":"Ye","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-024-00939-4"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3444692"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3691338"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref59","first-page":"9599","article-title":"Integration of blockchain and edge computing in Internet of Things:A survey","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Smart waste management system for Makkah city using AI and IoT","author":"Al Qurashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.19040"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su162411052"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"A new vision for the edge: The secure edgenative architecture (SENA)","author":"DiGiacinto","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Edge system design using containers and unikernels for IoT applications","author":"Kaiser","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2412.03032"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.108819"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229174"},{"key":"ref67","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2025","journal-title":"How Smart City Barcelona Brought the Internet of Things to Life"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Street Lighting Management","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Led Lighting Program","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2013.12.020","article-title":"SmartSantander: IoT experimentation over a smart city testbed","volume":"61","author":"Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Smartsantander Project","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3063386.3063771"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Array of Things (AoT) Project","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Update on Lamppost As a Platform Project (PQ Reply)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref75","author":"Dahrul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Singapore To Test Facial Recognition on Lampposts, Stoking Privacy Fears"},{"key":"ref76","author":"Outlook","year":"2025","journal-title":"Saudi Vision 2030: Technology Meets Tradition At Hajj"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054057"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"Cityiq Smart Pole Program Overview","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom4020016"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11136103.pdf?arnumber=11136103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1760377327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11136103\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3602390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}