{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:24:44Z","timestamp":1784798684566,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012024","name":"Multimedia University through the Research Fellow","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMUI\/250008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMUI\/250008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDTC\/241149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDTC\/241149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDTC\/231095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDTC\/231095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["PNURSP2025R140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R140"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3602953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T19:22:56Z","timestamp":1756236176000},"page":"151466-151478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["STRACK: Robust Tracking of Small Objects in Low-Light Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0941-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"Baz Jahfar Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mian","family":"Muhammad Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0443-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba G.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9763-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qasem M.","family":"Kharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sheraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Smart Systems and Automation, CoE for Robotics and Sensing Technologies, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6285-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teong Chee","family":"Chuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Smart Systems and Automation, CoE for Robotics and Sensing Technologies, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"YOLOv11: An overview of the key architectural enhancements","author":"Khanam","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2410.17725"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02596"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14104146"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-024-01548-w"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i5.28192"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.126772"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09749-x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01711-8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49660.2025.10887724"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging11050144"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956443"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"SFSORT: Scene features-based simple online real-time tracker","author":"Morsali","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2404.07553"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"BoostTrack++: Using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object tracking","author":"Stanojevi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.13003"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73464-9_27"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.12.104"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i6.28386"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tiv.2024.3446851"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3404275"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV55156.2024.10588483"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3613460"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"UTrack: Multi-object tracking with uncertain detections","author":"Solano-Carrillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.17098"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"CrowdHuman: A benchmark for detecting human in a crowd","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1805.00123"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587581"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenes","author":"Dendorfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2003.09003"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"MOT16: A benchmark for multi-object tracking","author":"Milan","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1603.00831"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.474"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01375-2"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Low-light object tracking: A benchmark","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.11463"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00044"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"COMET: Context-aware IoU-guided network for small object tracking","author":"Marvasti-Zadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.02597"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610231"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00309"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3240881"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-024-01531-5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20047-2_1"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58548-8_28"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00667"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1506.01497"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2267-2"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Online multi-object tracking with deep feature learning","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP)","author":"He"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"RetinaTrack: Online multi-object tracking using RetinaNet","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo (ICME)","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622025"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2019.00813"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr46437.2021.01008"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO series in 2021","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.08430"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"BoT-SORT: Robust associations multi-pedestrian tracking","author":"Aharon","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.14651"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3662552"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3239529"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC57257.2022.10055103"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"CRTrack: Low-light semi-supervised multi-object tracking based on consistency regularization","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.16809"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2671862"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icnsc62968.2024.10759981"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/246309"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48881-3_2"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01513-4"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"15657","article-title":"Quo vadis: Is trajectory forecasting the key towards long-term multi-object tracking?","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Dendorfer"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3364828"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02095"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01086"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0012386600003660"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"59","article-title":"A detailed study of the association task in tracking-by-detection-based multi-person tracking","volume-title":"Proc. Joint Workshop Fraunhofer IOSB Inst. Anthropomatics, Vis. Fusion Lab.","author":"Stadler"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP49359.2023.10223159"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00319"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02191"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00645"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP49359.2023.10222576"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsvt.2024.3524670"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01720"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Localization-guided track: A deep association multi-object tracking framework based on localization confidence of detections","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2303.14111"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i3.27953"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00185"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00303"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11142251.pdf?arnumber=11142251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:24:51Z","timestamp":1757096691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11142251\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3602953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}