{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:31:01Z","timestamp":1776443461063,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project for Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project: Construction of Guangxi Transportation New Technology Transfer Center Platform","award":["AD23026029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD23026029"]}]},{"name":"Operation Subsidy Project of Guangxi China-ASEAN Comprehensive Transportation International Joint Key Laboratory in 2021","award":["21-220-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-220-21"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Driven Development Special Project for Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project: Construction of China-ASEAN International Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Transportation","award":["AA21077011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21077011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3603185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T18:32:22Z","timestamp":1756319542000},"page":"154568-154580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aircraft-Cargo Separation Rate-Driven Ground Risk\u2013Cost Optimization for Urban Logistics UAVs"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0901-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic and Transportation, Nanning University, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1517-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoli","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1941-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingli","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1713-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic and Transportation, Nanning University, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Bozhi Information Technology Company Ltd., Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Report on the work of the government","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Nat. People\u2019s Congr."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Assessment system construction and trend foresight of UAV ground impact risk","volume":"39","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Civil Aviation Univ. China"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Estimated method of target level of safety for unmanned aircraft system","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Aerosp. Power"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","first-page":"26","article-title":"Evaluation of safety target level of UAV system based on Monte\u2013Carlo simulation","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electron. Opt. Control"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc45041.2023.10278866"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icuas48674.2020.9213990"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2017-3273"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","first-page":"14","article-title":"Low-altitude UAV operation risk assessment method considering the uncertainty","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Modern Defence Technol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jnwpu\/20234161054"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2911980"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace7100140"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","first-page":"101","article-title":"Research on effects of random wind speed and direction on UAV ground risk","volume":"33","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci., J."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Determination of ground risk buffer for unmanned aerial vehicles based on Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"25","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","first-page":"246","article-title":"A risk assessment method of logistics drones on ground","volume":"22","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transp., Syst. Eng. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-019-01015-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","first-page":"806","article-title":"Ground risk quantitative assessment for UAV operations in urban low-altitude scenarios","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6110324"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","first-page":"53","article-title":"Risk assessment of low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle operation based on fuzzy Bayesian network","volume":"34","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6090221"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","first-page":"137","article-title":"Risk assessment model for UAV operation considering safety of ground pedestrians in urban areas","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Developing 3D virtual safety risk terrain for UAS operations in complex urban environments","volume":"143","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Air Transp."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref22","first-page":"2490","article-title":"Safety risk assessment and three-dimensional path planning for UAV in complex urban low-altitude airspace","volume":"24","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Saf. Environ."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3446664"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3420169"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Secure task offloading strategy optimization of UAV-aided outdoor mobile high-definition live streaming","author":"Ming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Policy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) Certification","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Technical Requirements for Delineating Control Areas of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Civil Airports (Exposure Draft)","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Interim Regulations on the Flight Management of Unmanned Aircraft (State Council and Central Military Commission Order,and Central Military Commission Order, no. 761) [Legal Document]"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/med.2008.4602249"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Parameter estimation for the Weibull distribution under interval censored test plan with random blocks","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Stat. Manag."},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Technical Requirements of Multi-Rotor Electric Unmanned Aircraft System (Small and Light) for Urban Logistics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0221281"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Route Design Specification of the Light-Small Unmanned Aircraft System for Urban Logistics"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11142757.pdf?arnumber=11142757","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:59:39Z","timestamp":1757480379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11142757\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3603185","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}