{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:24:39Z","timestamp":1773246279909,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H03508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H03508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3606125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T18:22:51Z","timestamp":1757010171000},"page":"155425-155446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attention-Driven Clustering of Programming Problem Difficulty Using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6499-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shahajada","family":"Mia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department of Computer and Information Systems, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0030-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Watanobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department of Computer and Information Systems, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mostafizer","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0722-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Faizul Ibne","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department of Computer and Information Systems, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0867-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Muepu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department of Computer and Information Systems, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03392-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A framework for development of e-learning system for computer programming: Application in the c programming language","volume":"13","author":"Mustakerov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. E-Learn. Knowl. Soc."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3158670"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3323771.3323795"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2021.100335"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20947"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.015"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Estimating difficulty levels of programming problems with pre-trained model","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.08828"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","first-page":"131","article-title":"Competitive learning in informatics: The UVa online judge experience","volume":"2","author":"Revilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Olympiads Informat."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-022-00176-4"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Aizu Online Judge","author":"Watanobe","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143560"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v15i15.14503"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157288"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3332818"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16949\/turkbilmat.711683"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3119145"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274856.3274862"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/joe.2019.0938"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9485654"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3522118"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijdet.2020010103"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3430558"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3525061"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.01.115"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3150300"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT51525.2021.9579951"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DOCS63458.2024.10704434"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475276"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(01)00018-5"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194022500346"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27411"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","first-page":"66","article-title":"Factors affecting gross domestic product of Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Mia","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J. Econ. Finance"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3385-9"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.09.002"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3403155"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04667-1"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"3861","article-title":"Towards K-means-friendly spaces: Simultaneous deep learning and clustering","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Yang"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3359413"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-825"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Capturing the denoising effect of PCA via compression ratio","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.10888"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Comparing methods addressing multi-collinearity when developing prediction models","author":"Leeuwenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2101.01603"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Basic Econometrics","author":"Gujarati","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105841"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144059"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AUPEC62273.2024.10807587"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988796"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7636857"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12700\/APH.15.8.2018.8.2"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-024-02275-4"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.01.022"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2014.272"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2011.2109382"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.03.091"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-022-0271-y"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Developers Site (API)","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Aizu Online Judge Terms of Use","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"314","article-title":"Item response theory and Rasch models","volume-title":"Handbook of Statistics: Statistical Methods in Cognitive and Social Science Research","volume":"26","author":"Furr","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157941"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/pajes.2021.62687"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2021.652801"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.11.007"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105524"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766909"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21070867"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/07-AOAS107"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11151575.pdf?arnumber=11151575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T17:48:03Z","timestamp":1757526483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11151575\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":68,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3606125","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}