{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T23:18:58Z","timestamp":1771024738780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project of China Yangtze Power Company Ltd.","award":["Z162302020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z162302020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3618094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T17:37:47Z","timestamp":1759772267000},"page":"173600-173613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Large Language Model-Based Security Situation Awareness for Smart Grid: Framework and Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Yangtze Power Company Ltd., Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Qingmao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Yangtze Power Company Ltd., Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Communications Group Hubei Company Ltd., Wuhan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9019-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.934876"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPAE.2005.1507024"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"3","article-title":"Analysis of the cyber attack on the Ukrainian power grid","volume":"388","author":"Case","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electr. Inf. sharing Anal. Center"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.122111.00145"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.12.015"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ai3010005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3071263"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT51626.2021.9491891"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3578366"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.03.007"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3382140"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2022.100169"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09548-1"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. North Amer. chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, Human Lang. Technol.","author":"Devlin"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Large language models for time series: A survey","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2402.01801"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenAI blog"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2024.104470"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Time-LLM: Time series forecasting by reprogramming large language models","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.01728"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3079209"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2024.101299"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.01.011"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control","author":"Box","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40595-018-0119-7"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2753802"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2024.104951"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2023.3304134"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"306","article-title":"Graph-based anomaly detection on smart grid data","volume-title":"Proc. FLAIRS","author":"Mookiah"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM51994.2024.10688863"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.06.051"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2025.1531655"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.123465"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Multi-patch prediction: Adapting LLMs for time series representation learning","author":"Bian","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2402.04852"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"The llama 3 herd of models","author":"Grattafiori","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.21783"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Meta-SGD: Learning to learn quickly for few-shot learning","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1707.09835"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Multitask prompted training enables zero-shot task generalization","author":"Sanh","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.08207"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"9459","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lewis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06647-8"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2017.1380080"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15062158"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Risks of practicing large language models in smart grid: Threat modeling and validation","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.06237"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: Smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter","author":"Sanh","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1910.01108"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102153"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11193756.pdf?arnumber=11193756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T17:41:56Z","timestamp":1760377316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11193756\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3618094","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}