{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:48:45Z","timestamp":1768423725563,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3622194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:38:44Z","timestamp":1760636324000},"page":"180877-180890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Digital Learning Platforms and Blockchain for Entrepreneurial Skill Development: Bridging Gaps in Education and Practice"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9976-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Rizwan","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and Business Incubation Center, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3632-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Irfan","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javeed","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohatram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Faraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Studies, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15185\/izawol.8.v2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61100\/adman.v1i2.28"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07930-y"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55640\/ijbms-04-08-03"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.111"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3418-4_19"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2022.106268"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12132-022-09458-8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTSN57873.2023.10151509"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20427530231156711"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3278590"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2023.100165"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-52123-2_8"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Top 5 Challenges of Teaching Entrepreneurship? Babson Thought & Action","author":"Neck","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-61029-6_6"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Entrepreneurship in Education","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2024.100981"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2022.0260"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2020.100378"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/ambpp.2019.60"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15348431.2022.2153848"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26529\/cepsj.1524"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3349095"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/beer.12646"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Blockchain in Education","author":"Grech","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37985\/educative.v2i1.370"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106310"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2022.2162979"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25151274231204342"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2023.106341"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","first-page":"202","article-title":"About some basic aspects of distance learning","volume":"3","author":"Smyrnova-Trybulska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Eur. Res. Output"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003425779-4"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-56953-1_6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-023-00705-1"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEBR-12-2022-1139"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","first-page":"359","article-title":"The impact of digital tools and online learning platforms on higher education learning outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Rafiq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Al-Mahdi Res. J."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-023-10341-x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-021-10059-8"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2022.2151445"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2024.103020"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2024.100530"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2299535"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12865"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24940\/ijird\/2020\/v9\/i7\/JUL20021"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61508\/refl.v31i3.276777"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11941-z"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13273"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-52123-2_7"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-5177-2_10"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Blockchain-Based Applications in Education: A Systematic Review","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-023-01228-z"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-024-10176-3"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/jime.591"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3206791"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12493-6"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110238"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47992\/IJCSBE.2581.6942.0321"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Blockchain revolution in education and lifelong learning","author":"Tapscott","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Blockchain Technology: The Future of Credentialing in ELearning","author":"Das","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11205345.pdf?arnumber=11205345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T18:05:40Z","timestamp":1761588340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11205345\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3622194","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}