{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:02:38Z","timestamp":1773414158447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2504"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3624606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:25:39Z","timestamp":1761153939000},"page":"184679-184693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Edge-Optimized CNNs: A Co-Designed Software-Hardware Framework for Lightweight Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Waheed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazeed","family":"Alkhrijah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahzad","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4555-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Morsleen Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Gul Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Electrical, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6208-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Muhammad Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad A.","family":"Alawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIS50930.2021.9395805"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14061182"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON43393.2020.9254493"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3154473"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Asia49877.2020.9276780"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a12080154"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Deep Learning in Real Time-Inference Acceleration and Continuous Training","author":"Wang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"164","article-title":"Second order derivatives for network pruning: Optimal brain surgeon","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"5","author":"Hassibi"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Binarized neural networks: Training deep neural networks with weights and activations constrained to +1 or -1","author":"Courbariaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1602.02830"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2684746.2689060"},{"issue":"2011","key":"ref11","first-page":"4","article-title":"Improving the speed of neural networks on CPUs","volume-title":"Proc. Deep Learn. Unsupervised Feature Learn. NIPS Workshop","volume":"1","author":"Vanhoucke"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Deep learning with limited numerical precision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Gupta"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design and analysis of a hardware CNN accelerator","volume":"27","author":"Kiningham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3061639.3062207"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2020.3023903"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2018.2877359"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAECC.2018.8479517"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PATMOS.2019.8862166"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM48280.2020.00064"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05677-3_16"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSESS.2018.8663795"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA-BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom52081.2021.00176"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3230008"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Asia.2016.7804738"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ComPE49325.2020.9200168"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11031093"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Incremental network quantization: Towards lossless CNNs with low-precision weights","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1702.03044"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2767204"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3516196"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2022.3198036"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATSIP62566.2024.10638925"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3030663"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279110"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESAI62891.2024.10913902"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2857078"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cds2.12091"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2019.2941250"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTA53157.2021.9661886"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED54688.2022.9806216"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info14030194"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11214356.pdf?arnumber=11214356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:43:26Z","timestamp":1763664206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11214356\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3624606","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}