{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:50:35Z","timestamp":1762368635656,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3625101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T17:59:54Z","timestamp":1761242394000},"page":"186075-186089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formal Semantics and Implementation of Ethereum Smart Contracts for Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Attestation Flows: A Viticulture Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Ellul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0743-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon J.","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Falzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Scerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3505428"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/scm-08-2019-0300"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JOCM-09-2020-0299"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joitmc.2023.100008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42524-020-0110-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssaho.2022.100328"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-11-2023-0585"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2024.100253"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10010019"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain55522.2022.00030"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT.2019.8701910"},{"volume-title":"Bitcoin Whitepaper","year":"2008","author":"Nakamoto","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"volume-title":"Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies","year":"2014","author":"Antonopoulos","key":"ref14"},{"volume-title":"Smart Contracts","year":"1994","author":"Szabo","key":"ref15"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","first-page":"28","article-title":"Smart contracts: Building blocks for digital markets","volume":"18","author":"Szabo","year":"1996","journal-title":"EXTROPY: J. Transhumanist Thought"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref17","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ethereum white paper","volume":"1","author":"Buterin","year":"2013","journal-title":"GitHub Repository"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03745-6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106334"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3192367"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.07.029"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-023-00409-7"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15401-1"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123243"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.104040"},{"volume-title":"Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and Dapps","year":"2018","author":"Antonopoulos","key":"ref26"},{"volume-title":"Rust for Blockchain Application Development: Learn to Build Decentralized Applications on Popular Blockchain Technologies Using Rust","year":"2024","author":"Sharma","key":"ref27"},{"volume-title":"Mastering Cardano","year":"2025","author":"Brunjes","key":"ref28"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106895"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2218947"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26483\/ijarcs.v15i5.7139"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2972026"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Blockchain compliance in supply chain regulations: A comprehensive overview","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. IoT, Commun. Autom. Technol. (ICICAT)","author":"Varshney"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45348-4_19"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2702"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100115"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/289.291"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"26","article-title":"ChorChain: A model-driven framework for choreography-based systems using blockchain","volume-title":"Proc. ITBPM@ BPM","author":"Corradini"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.7961"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06156-1_18"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.675"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11215706.pdf?arnumber=11215706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:41:28Z","timestamp":1762368088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11215706\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3625101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}