{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1781194248320,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"MICIU\/AEI","award":["PID2023-148203NB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-148203NB-C31"]}]},{"name":"ERDF\/EU","award":["101069831 (ENERSHARE project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101069831 (ENERSHARE project)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3628190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T18:45:59Z","timestamp":1762195559000},"page":"189150-189176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnosis and Protection of Ground Fault in Electrical Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mauricio P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad del País Vasco \/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV\/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Egu\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad del País Vasco \/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV\/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Perea Olabarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Grids and Energy Planning Area in TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7357-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Pujana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Grids and Energy Planning Area in TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9730-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Gyftakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad del País Vasco \/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV\/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Power system protective relaying: Basic concepts, industrial-grade devices, and communication mechanisms","author":"Leelaruji","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Electrical Power System Essential","author":"Schavemaker","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Faults in Power System: Statistics and Kinds | Electrical Engineering","author":"Nirupama","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Types of Faults and Effects in Electrical Power Systems","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/epe.2017.910042"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2002.989298"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2023.3307344"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2746558"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Diagnostico de faltas a tierra en sistemas el\u00e9ctricos con convertidores (Ground fault diagnosis in electric systems with power converters)","author":"Guerrero","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023650"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2013.2271111"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2017.2721429"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.2019.8793247"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2025.111464"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41601-020-00173-9"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS.2001.966527"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2017.2721903"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.1992.106976"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Advices in Choosing the Right Neutral Earthing System for Your Installation","author":"Csanyi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.1961.7728161"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Low-voltage Electrical Installations\u2014Part 4-41: Protection for Safety-protection Against Electric Shock","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS.2001.955779"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IFEEA64237.2024.10878591"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.1993.119653"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2388785"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2021.107769"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2016.10.017"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2019.1800"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Low-voltage Electrical Installations\u2014Part 1: Fundamental Principles, Assessment of General Characteristics, and Definitions","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.1982.119223"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2928278"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref32","first-page":"324","article-title":"An overview of the ANSI\/ASA standards program","volume-title":"Inter-Noise Noise-Con Congr. Conf. Proc., Inst. Noise Control Eng.","volume":"250","author":"Struck"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPRE.2014.6799018"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2003.821644"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Restricted Earth Fault","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROPEC55836.2022.10018639"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Protecciones El\u00e9ctricas En MT (Electrical Protections in MV","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.1997.81576"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","first-page":"225","article-title":"Ground fault protection methods of a generator stator","volume":"2013","author":"Sultan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Przegl\u0105d Elektrotechniczny"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cpre.2016.7914921"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Ajuste De Protecciones El\u00e9ctricas De Las Unidades Generadoras, Transformadores De Unidad E Interruptores De Potencia","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2016.7732842"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2018.2802423"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3539919"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2834474"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPRE.2010.5469483"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2022.3174878"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2267750"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2021.3138367"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2364547"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2922944"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/hve.2017.0024"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2016.2590501"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115047"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2016.7854990"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEurope.2011.6162829"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2012.6342371"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2866109"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2020.3028057"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/rpg2.12899"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2931286"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en8021291"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/08IAS.2008.382"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.107393"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.03.046"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2009.2035810"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref67","first-page":"2089","article-title":"AC and DC microgrids: A review on portection issues and approaches","volume":"12","author":"Mirsaeidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2758342"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPEE48638.2020.9136299"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2025.3542732"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Access control method for parallel direct current power supplies and device thereof","author":"Hua","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2616397"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2021.3122412"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2017.10.014"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3300378"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2010.2095501"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2025.110852"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.03.017"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPRE.2019.8765867"},{"key":"ref80","volume-title":"Bender Inc. Ground-Fault Monitoring: The Concept","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIMIA48430.2020.9074891"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2024.3524332"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998373"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.980373"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17163980"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15446\/ing.investig.103210"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.2014.6754111"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icelmach.2018.8507024"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2011.04.001"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3135791"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPES.2017.8387325"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.484015"},{"key":"ref93","volume-title":"Power System Protection and Switchgear","author":"Ram","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITES56274.2022.9943756"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2023.3346453"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC.2017.8243455"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2010.2040739"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479463"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICED56215.2022.9929244"},{"key":"ref100","volume-title":"Unidirectional ground fault location method based on signal injection method","author":"Chunbao","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DEMPED.2011.6063608"},{"key":"ref102","volume-title":"Physics for Students of Science and Engineering","author":"Stanford","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17775\/CSEEJPES.2015.00022"},{"key":"ref104","volume-title":"Fault range finding method for power transmission circuit by use of current travelling waves and voltage travelling waves of two ends of circuit","author":"Fang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APAP59666.2023.10348406"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EI250167.2020.9346873"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2960368"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPEE60788.2024.10532651"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2019.0370"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13102606"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICET49382.2020.9119530"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2654267"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2835645"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASI52993.2021.9568414"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AEEES51875.2021.9403197"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.05.008"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSE.2009.5228541"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13224505"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2014.6939330"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2022.3199185"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/piee.1974.0190"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDES61459.2024.10961029"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2014.6953832"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2020.3000965"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MELE.2021.3070935"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIT58132.2023.10273951"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3289829"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30941\/CESTEMS.2020.00043"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPE.2016.7695539"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEurope.2016.7856182"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2947853"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/joe.2018.8781"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroInd4.0IoT48571.2020.9138295"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEP57914.2023.10247444"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16176345"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2024.101334"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPS.2015.7168303"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPRE.2004.238416"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03766-6_12"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2018.8591699"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2776238"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2015.05.004"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PVSC45281.2020.9300455"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.754104"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2018.07.039"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2020.2981880"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/machines12120836"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2018.0093"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2907500"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3572521"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2007.900446"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04898-2_321"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAFEPROCESS45799.2019.9213254"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APAP59666.2023.10348446"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0040"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2016.7732833"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2943.930988"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2010.5484287"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.885131"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PVSC.2013.6745063"},{"key":"ref161","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach","author":"Russell","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.192069"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAAID51067.2022.9799512"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2025.3590518"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17194807"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DRPT.2000.855668"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCEECS57921.2023.10063045"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRTM54583.2022.9791621"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2023.035001"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2009.11.020"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Electrical faults-detection and classification using machine learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Electron. Renew. Syst. (ICEARS)","author":"Janarthanam"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPAPS65933.2025.11092221"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPEA56918.2023.10093147"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSD54932.2022.9955840"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18071616"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.106023"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2018.2861385"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124024"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-025-03071-1"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13020527"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09934-2"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18051177"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.63125\/4p25x993"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APAP59666.2023.10348444"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enrev.2023.100039"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ad3bdf"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16020861"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2020.3017355"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3232063"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2025.0611"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPEE51499.2021.9437042"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPRECON52453.2021.9641000"},{"key":"ref193","volume-title":"Electrical Safety Statistics: Unveiling the Shocking Truth","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.2024.10542673"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frsgr.2024.1371153"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JEEIT53412.2021.9634141"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TD39804.2020.9299928"},{"key":"ref198","volume-title":"Global Ground Fault Monitoring Relays Market Growth 2019\u20132024; Verified Market Reports","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11224372.pdf?arnumber=11224372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T18:49:59Z","timestamp":1762800599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11224372\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":198,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3628190","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}