{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:53:38Z","timestamp":1780642418643,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3631081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T18:49:34Z","timestamp":1762800574000},"page":"193802-193819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Agoraphilic-3D: A Novel Algorithm for Robot Path Planning in Mapless Uneven Terrains"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5690-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. M. Dinusha","family":"Gunathilaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayan","family":"Kahandawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9859-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Yousef","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasitha Sanjeewa","family":"Hewawasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3556446"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJIES.2022.3179617"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/machines12010031","article-title":"A survey on path planning for autonomous ground vehicles in unstructured environments","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Machines"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARA64554.2025.10977619"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAS.2025.3547283"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2024.3511437"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2001.936923"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1985.1087247"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/70.88137"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.61212"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2015.06.002"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29131-0_5"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201817302001"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIAC63745.2024.10899466"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2015.7139753"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13179877"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"STEP: Stochastic traversability evaluation and planning for safe off-road navigation","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Robot., Sci. Syst. Found. (RSS)","author":"Fan"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9981038"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48891.2023.10161543"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55417\/fr.2022049"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.3390\/app15042179","article-title":"A comprehensive review of deep learning techniques in mobile robot path planning: Categorization and analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hoseinnezhad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3076530"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2024.3404113"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-6886-2_75"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.3390\/app15116226","article-title":"Rough-terrain path planning based on deep reinforcement learning","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-024-06054-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2023.3320013"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3229907"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10611227"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9981942"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364920987859"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-024-02149-5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3202545"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA46639.2022.9812238"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3390\/math13142312","article-title":"A hybrid path planning framework integrating deep reinforcement learning and variable-direction potential fields","volume":"13","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","volume-title":"Proc. KDD","volume":"96","author":"Ester"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-I-3-269-2012"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2008.01.008"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610106"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154884"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11237084.pdf?arnumber=11237084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T06:07:43Z","timestamp":1763618863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11237084\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3631081","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}