{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:14:28Z","timestamp":1784556868737,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Professional Studies, UNSW, Canberra ACT"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3647760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:31:48Z","timestamp":1766514708000},"page":"217316-217348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ISADM: An Integrated STRIDE, ATT&amp;CK, and D3FEND Model for Threat Modeling Against Real-World Adversaries"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-8203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khondokar Fida","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6547-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasibul Hossain","family":"Shajeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chathura","family":"Abeydeera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anchoram&#x2019;s Cyber Security Practice, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Cyber threat modeling: Survey, assessment, and representative framework","author":"Bodeau","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"A process for threat modeling of large-scale computer systems: A case study","author":"Rantzien","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14030549"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Threat modeling for cyberphysical system-of-systems: Methods evaluation","author":"Shevchenko","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104777"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-013-0195-2"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool Overview\u2013Azure","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3687300"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Mitre Att&ck Matrix for Enterprise","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19393555.2022.2104766"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"System-of-systems threat model","author":"Bodeau","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-021-00898-7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartCloud49737.2020.00035"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Threat Modeling With Att&ck","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"An evaluation framework for network IDS\/IPS datasets: Leveraging MITRE ATT&CK and industry relevance metrics","author":"Rahman","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref16","author":"Rebutlan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stride Threat Modeling With Mitre Att&ck Mapping for Devsecops and Appsec"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122697"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.1.0284"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Advanced security threat modelling for blockchain-based FinTech applications","author":"Bahar","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.06725"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Measuring and Managing Information Risk: A FAIR Approach","author":"Freund","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref21","author":"Mell","year":"2007","journal-title":"A Complete Guide to the Common Vulnerability Scoring System Version 2.0"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Common Vulnerability Scoring System V3.1: Specification Document","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Information Security, Cybersecurity and Privacy Protection\u2014Evaluation Criteria for it Security\u2014Part 1: Introduction and General Model","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"101","article-title":"Towards the ontology of ISO\/IEC 27005: 2011 risk management Standard","volume-title":"Proc. HAISA","author":"Agrawal"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Information Security, Cybersecurity and Privacy Protection\u2013guidance on Managing Information Security Risks","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Computer Security: Principles and Practice","volume":"3","author":"Stallings","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Threat Modeling: Designing for Security","author":"Shostack","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2021.3125229"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02067-4_1"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3140368.3140372"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3058403"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Taxonomy for cybersecurity threat attributes and countermeasures in smart manufacturing systems","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.01374"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-3149-5.ch002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102950"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21314\/jop.2020.249"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Timeline of Cyber Incidents Involving Financial Institutions","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref37","author":"Balu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bangladesh Bank Cyber Heist\u2013Incident Analysis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-26845-8_1"},{"key":"ref39","author":"Furneaux","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cybersecurity Compliance in the Financial Sector"},{"key":"ref40","author":"Boehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyber Risk Measurement and the Holistic Cybersecurity Approach"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Enhanced cyber threat model for financial services sector (FSS) institutions","author":"Fox","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"How to Use Mitre Att&ck in Conjunction With Threat Modeling","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Playbook for Threat Modeling Medical Devices","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-024-00812-4"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100766"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"CRI Profile V2.0 Fact Sheet","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Threat-Informed Defense for the Financial Sector: Cri Profile Mappings To Mitre Att&ck","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Proactive Cybersecurity\u2013What is it, and Why You Need It"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79915-1_4"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e05969"},{"key":"ref51","author":"Krishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Hybrid Approach to Threat Modelling"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79915-1","volume-title":"Understanding Cybersecurity Management in Decentralized Finance","author":"Kaur","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","first-page":"44","article-title":"Threat modeling and risk assessment of APIs in fintech applications","volume":"2","author":"Ranjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESP J. Eng. Technol. Advancements"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC58397.2023.10217945"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Enterprise threat model technical report: Cyber threat model for a notional financial services sector institution","author":"Fox","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Resiliencia Cibern\u00e9tica En La Infraestructura Financiera","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79915-1"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Mitre att&ck: Design and philosophy","author":"Strom","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Getting Started With Mitre Att&ck","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Mitre Att&ck Matrix for Enterprise","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Strengthening Data Security With Stride and Mitre Threat Models","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Mapping Att&ck Patterns to Your Threat Model","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"How to Use Mitre Att&ck in Conjunction With Threat Modeling","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Threat Modeling With Att&ck\u2013Project Resources","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Difference Between Stride and Mitre Att&ck","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Guide to Conducting Cybersecurity Risk Assessment for Critical Information Infrastructure","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"MITRE ATT&CKdriven cyber risk assessment","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Availability, Rel. Secur.","author":"Ahmed"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"SoK: The MITRE ATT&CK framework in research and practice","author":"Roy","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.07411"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Integrating Cybersecurity and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Mitre Att&ck Framework: Resources on Assessment and Engineering","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Digital Artifact Ontology | Mitre D3fendT","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"What is Mitre D3fend Matrix?","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Mitre Att&ck&D3FEND: Step-by-Step Guide to Closing Security Visibility Gaps","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Offensive Technique Details | Mitre D3fendT","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526411228"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref76","first-page":"62","article-title":"Fraudulent financial reporting in the banking sector of Bangladesh: A prediction","volume-title":"Int. J. Manage.","volume":"8","author":"Karim","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36079\/lamintang.ijlapp-0602.677"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lessons learned from the Bangladesh bank heist","volume":"6","author":"Kabir","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISACA J."},{"key":"ref79","author":"Finkle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exclusive\u2013Bangladesh Bank Hackers Compromised Swift Software, Warning Issued"},{"key":"ref80","volume-title":"The Equifax Data Breach","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"Apache Struts Vulnerability Exploited in Equifax Breach","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Mapping Mitre Att&ck to the Equifax Indictment","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11313056.pdf?arnumber=11313056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:45:24Z","timestamp":1767332724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11313056\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":82,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3647760","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}