{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:23:21Z","timestamp":1769178201800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3652267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:02:28Z","timestamp":1768255348000},"page":"8674-8686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hybrid Parallel Model of Semi-Blind Joint Timing-Offset and Channel Estimation for AF-TWRNs"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3660-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"El-Moursy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oruba","family":"Alfawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SACT, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khawla A.","family":"Alnajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SACT, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2546-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi","family":"Sibai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2966968"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2919728"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2480850"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-024-03778-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-024-01209-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2715177"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3571736"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3014507"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2025.3549445"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3078524"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3287612"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3068654"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3262943"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAC3N60023.2023.10541395"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","first-page":"35","article-title":"Optimizing performance in parallel and distributed computing systems for large-scale applications","volume":"4","author":"Perera","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HiPCW63042.2024.00012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126625504869"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDACAI65086.2024.00108"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSPA49915.2021.9385766"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCCI49893.2020.9256808"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2024.103112"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3102113"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3383105"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.2959"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760.2012.662681"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"197","article-title":"Parallel implementation of Baum\u2013Welch algorithm","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. (CSIT)","volume":"1","author":"Anikeev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.725318"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC.2009.45"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref29","first-page":"6","article-title":"CUDA C programming guide","volume":"29","author":"Guide","year":"2013","journal-title":"NVIDIA"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.05.021"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"cuHMM: A CUDA implementation of hidden Markov model training and classification","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chronicle Higher Educ."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-97635-3_44"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487575.2487628"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach","author":"Hennessy","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22266\/ijies2020.0229.20"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"10","article-title":"Spark: Cluster computing with working sets","volume-title":"Proc. 2nd USENIX Workshop Hot Topics Cloud Comput. (HotCloud)","author":"Zaharia"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2372757"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.297849"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.6783"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Introduction to Parallel Computing","volume":"110","author":"Kumar","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4655(00)00067-9"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW.2019.00117"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2019.12.005"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2018.11.004"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2018.10.013"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-018-0213-8"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11343766.pdf?arnumber=11343766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:03:19Z","timestamp":1769115799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11343766\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3652267","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}