{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T22:02:28Z","timestamp":1770847348256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Funding provided by Qatar National Library"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3659151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T21:25:27Z","timestamp":1769721927000},"page":"19453-19471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EDDNet30: A Spatial Attention and Multi-Scale Fusion Model for Enhanced Eye Disease Classification With Explainable AI"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2911-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Asraful Sharker","family":"Nirob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Showmick Guha","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpa","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Assaduzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7136-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Alamgir","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1029-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arif","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Health Informatics Research Laboratory (HIRL), Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiq Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Bermak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102407"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071479"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci178296"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084158"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Vision Impairment and Blindness","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"WHO Launches First World Report on Vision","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"One Billion People Have Preventable Eye Conditions, Increasingly Linked To Lifestyle Choices: UN Health Agency | UN News","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"At Least 2.2 Billion People Have Vision Impairment or Blindness, of Which Over 1 Billion Cases Could Have Been Prevented or Have Yet To Be Addressed","author":"Drue","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Understanding the Leading Causes of Blindness","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2025.100750"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.array.2025.100395"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.10287"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1545528"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.9148"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3486659"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Blindness and Vision Impairment","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2021.1956389"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040758"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-007-0040-9"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01516.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3625-5"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0220-6"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.194811"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-024-00182-5"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106790"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01461-0"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2025.102494"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84922-y"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iswa.2024.200334"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102059"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation of machine learning and deep learning approaches for automatic detection of eye diseases","volume":"1","author":"\u0130brahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intell. Methods Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10080602"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101706"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11152228"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3339574"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"REFUGE Competition Report","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13040670"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Eye disease image dataset","author":"Rashid","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Eye Diseases Classification","author":"Doddi","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.00889.x"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.130"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360014"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/nci.2020.25483"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200309000-00004"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2017.080606"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.7.691"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s420932"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iop.0000000000002049"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.019"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.016"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90118-9"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.31"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.3.219.1504"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493544"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414211020152"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116735"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.019"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.05.001"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(03)00144-2"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211795860107"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-40"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120929958"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.032"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00513-y"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320480047025"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-5846(03)00023-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref68","first-page":"475","article-title":"Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: Findings from the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study","volume":"1","author":"Krishnaiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ecai52376.2021.9515188"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1126780"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104550"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/incet49848.2020.9154014"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ies55876.2022.9888652"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29322\/ijsrp.9.10.2019.p9420"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11010001"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00679"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101605"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2021.3108642"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10121369"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105648"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11367696.pdf?arnumber=11367696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:56:46Z","timestamp":1770843406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11367696\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":80,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3659151","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}