{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:17:26Z","timestamp":1773436646529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking (KDT JU) through European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program and Spain, Italy, Austria, Germany, Finland, Switzerland","award":["877056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["877056"]}]},{"name":"European TRACE project","award":["101104278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101104278"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3666231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:59:22Z","timestamp":1771534762000},"page":"36614-36633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empowering Retail Visitors Through Edge AI: A User-Centered Case Study of Cooperative Totem Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Brilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Information Science and Mathematics, University of L&#x2019;Aquila, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Information Science and Mathematics, University of L&#x2019;Aquila, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Carlevaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aitek S.p.A., Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Garibotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Naval, Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aitek S.p.A., Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2220-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoriano","family":"Muttillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6881-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Vallocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ro Technology Srl, Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1954-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Burgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"What is Retailing, and Why It\u2019s Important to the Economy","author":"Amadeo","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Retail Market By Type & Technology\u2013Global Forecast To 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"NRF Forecasts 2025 Retail Sales to Hit $5.42 Trillion, Despite Economic Uncertainty","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Euro Area Retail Sales YoY","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4359(18)30076-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","first-page":"16","article-title":"Experiential shopping at the mall. Influence on consumer behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Avello","year":"2011","journal-title":"China-USA Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2016.12.008"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Digital Signage: Impacting Store Layout & Customer Flow","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"5","article-title":"ISA: An intelligent shopping assistant","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Conf. Asia\u2013Pacific Chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics","author":"Ma"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2018.090653"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2455390"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Deep adaptive interest network: Personalized recommendation with context-aware learning","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2409.02425"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Managing Data Confidentiality","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2021.01.005"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"McMahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1602.05629"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Streaming on-device detection of device directed speech from voice and touch-based invocation","author":"Rudovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.04656"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons With Regard To the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data (General Data Protection Regulation)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102382"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1602","article-title":"EmoTrustBot: Affective intelligence and trust-aware adaptation for emotionally aligned human\u2013robot interaction","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Sustain. Comput. Data Commun. Syst. (ICSCDS)","author":"Kumar"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37745\/ejcsit.2013\/vol13n38117131"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Hikvision 4K AI Digital Signage Totem","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"AI Camera Digital Signage Kiosk With Age and Gender Recognition","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"The Evolution of Self-Service Kiosks: Leading the Way With AI Integration","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Targeted Advertising Digital Signage Technology","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Amazon Personalize","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.9"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14173458"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSD51259.2020.00069"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Case Study Research and Applications","author":"Yin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"International Organization for Standardization, Ergonomics of Humansystem Interaction\u2014Part 11: Usability: Definitions and Concepts","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b15703"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-5871.12485"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EJMBE-07-2017-012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9110629"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.13095"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2944"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.06.016"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2010.08.002"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21511\/im.12(2).2016.03"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Shopping Mall Visitor Counting System Market\u2019s Evolution: Key Growth Drivers 2025-2033","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7903\/cmr.18625"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/209376"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroInd4.0IoT54413.2022.9831745"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.69864\/ijbsam.8-1.97"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","first-page":"267","article-title":"Implementation of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for crowd counting in shopping mall environments","volume":"8","author":"Prihandoko","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJISTECH (Int. J. Inf. Syst. Technol.)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2018.03.010"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/997078.997089"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Usability Engineering","author":"Nielsen","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3446585"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Densebox: Unifying landmark localization with end to end object detection","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. (ICCV) Workshops","author":"Huang"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Caffe Deep Learn. Framework","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.596"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOSIG.2016.7736925"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.78"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","first-page":"113","article-title":"Men and women: A comparison of shopping mall behavior","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Shopping Center Res."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3605390.3605398"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision","author":"Radford","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.04356"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations","author":"Baevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.11477"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Zynq Ultrascale+ MpSoC","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Xilinx Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Pmod ESP32 Reference Manual","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"YOLOv5","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"Open Images Dataset","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2004.10934"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Darknet: Open Source Neural Networks in C","author":"Redmon","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"PetaLinux Tools Documentation: Reference Guide","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Vitis Unified Softw. Platform","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Vitis AI User Guide (UG1414)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Raspberry Pi: Official Website and Documentation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware\/Software Introduction","author":"Vahid","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MECO.2018.8406078"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3513416"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"FDDB: A Benchmark for Face Detection in Unconstrained Settings","author":"Jain","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86618-1_11"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11399944.pdf?arnumber=11399944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:55:31Z","timestamp":1773431731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11399944\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3666231","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}