{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:05:43Z","timestamp":1772899543753,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3666817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T21:18:12Z","timestamp":1771622292000},"page":"32886-32904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Simulation Study of Luenberger and MRAS Observers for a Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Using a Five-Level NPC Inverter With ADRC-Based VC-DTC"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7765-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oumaymah","family":"Elamri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAMIGEP Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, École Marocaine des Sciences de l’Ingénieur (EMSI), Marrakech, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla Eddine Toubal","family":"Maamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Systèmes et Télécommunications (LIST), University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Frantz Fanon City, Boumerdes, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9027-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Wekalao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-2327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad","family":"Naidji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrical Engineering (LGE), University of M’Sila, M’Sila, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Muheki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vehicles7010015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v13i2.pp1379-1386"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3571610"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11010120"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2009.2032430"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9925072"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53314\/els2226017e"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2023.3288499"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2023.3319295"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icmcs.2011.5945662"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj13010017"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sefet65155.2025.11255625"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41601-022-00227-0"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace12020160"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clet.2025.100896"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mesa61532.2024.10704835"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6183332"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2025.3532561"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18280\/ama_c.730201"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/etep\/5984024"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/machines11090861"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06365-0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33455-x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12132993"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iraset64571.2025.11008300"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-epa.2016.0654"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math10203842"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2007.05.010"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22266\/ijies2020.0229.23"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2016.2521721"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sta.2015.7505225"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10134416"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmag.2009.2032862"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2023.110208"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109429"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tim.2024.3446638"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2024.3432163"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2024.3349520"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2024.3453934"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2024.111931"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2024.111845"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2023.3262584"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jestpe.2024.3396340"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/mpce.2023.000210"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ad54f5"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2024.3511472"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.119337"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2024.3400947"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2022.3183278"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115609"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7932"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2024.3398148"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2024.3388024"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tase.2025.3573304"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2024.3407207"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jestpe.2024.3409290"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/mpce.2024.000628"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114921"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tte.2025.3584777"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2025.3527024"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2025.110580"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2024.3524438"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jestpe.2024.3387652"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2025.3577302"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2025.3585055"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tste.2025.3541326"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.70108"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2025.3598442"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333700"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tfuzz.2021.3053320"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2025.126891"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2024.3461159"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tte.2024.3399730"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tac.2025.3536856"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2024.111999"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tie.2025.3621603"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2025.3597588"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2025.3596063"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jestpe.2024.3485962"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmech.2025.3560429"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2025.106672"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.129824"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tase.2025.3585136"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11404136.pdf?arnumber=11404136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:02:51Z","timestamp":1772830971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11404136\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3666817","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}