{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:00:40Z","timestamp":1772521240391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"Hebei Provincial Social Science Fund Project, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HB22YS057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HB22YS057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3667685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T20:58:51Z","timestamp":1771966731000},"page":"30223-30239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived Interactivity and Usage Intention in Gesture-Based Educational VR: Evidence From SEM and fsQCA"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9457-9063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Communication, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5471-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Communication, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0743-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Communication, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812465006"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/coginfocom47531.2019.9089957"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07857-1_72"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"VR Hand Tracking: More Immersive and Accessible Than Ever | Spectre","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11845-y"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00081"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2023.3320211"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17640-8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16234-3_11"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61696\/mega.v2i1.175"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/aebmr.k.210831.060"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12131267"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","first-page":"1759","article-title":"The influence of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on behavioral intention with TAM approach to users of research management information systems","volume":"13","author":"Padmawidjaja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Enrich. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v19i1.2503"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2002.10673674"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10010003"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","first-page":"93","article-title":"Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era","volume":"13","author":"Eshet-Alkalai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Educ. Multimedia Hypermedia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.04.016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231160028"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21831\/reid.v7i2.44794"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17031133"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/joa0091-3367400206"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2005.10722100"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.72.2.99"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","first-page":"19","article-title":"The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places","volume":"10","author":"Reeves","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cambridge"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.101912"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00748.x"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2002.10673685"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior","author":"Ajzen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2006.10505193"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1002915430871"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299606000304"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00201.x"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/sp.j.2096-5796.2018.0006"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/imms.1993.1022"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.4.342.11872"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isci.2012.6222658"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122312230"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-04-2013-0168"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3837\/tiis.2023.08.016"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","first-page":"130","article-title":"DigEuLit\u2014A European framework for digital literacy: A progress report","volume-title":"J. ELiteracy","volume":"2","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-023-00437-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2016.01.001"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2021.102154"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref48","first-page":"56","article-title":"Modeling the impact of digital literacy on AI based learning adoption through perceived usefulness and easeof use","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sundara Adv. Res. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"The promise of immersive learning: Augmented and virtual reality\u2019s potential in education","volume":"1","author":"Dick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Innov. Found."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssaho.2024.101207"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1360574"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00817-9"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Virtual Reality and the Digital Divide","author":"Dilanchian","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2013.2282279"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Roles of perceived use control consisting of perceived ease of use and perceived controllability in IT acceptance","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"71","article-title":"The effect of simplicity and perceived control on perceived ease of use","volume-title":"Proc. AMCIS","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cw.2008.109"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1476589.1476628"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/298752.298757"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46799\/jmef.v2i4.42"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2004.10.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref62","first-page":"16","article-title":"The effects of perceived interactivity, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on online hotel booking intention: A conceptual framework","volume":"3","author":"Abdullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Acad. Res. J. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11030928"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref64","first-page":"3257","article-title":"The effect of perceived interactivity to DTS (Digital transformation of services) on intention to use: Focusing on the technology acceptance model (TAM)","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. Online J. Quality Inq."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2260164"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6007\/ijarbss\/v13-i9\/17879"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref67","first-page":"74","article-title":"Gap indicator for measuring digital divide","volume":"3","author":"Hincu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Manag. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52372\/jps.e672"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23969\/jrbm.v17i2.18448"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14716\/ijtech.v10i8.3432"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1113434"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1420147"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1050.0042"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54337\/nlc.v7.9203"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-020-00437-7"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-11-2018-0203"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139004244"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102309"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102310"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08944393231224539"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103424"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research","author":"Chin","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32827-8_31"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.112"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452226569.n5"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1cais.05008"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1511928"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mti8020010"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931215591094"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.07.697"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94947-5_34"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2019.106195"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5542\/2024.11.001"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.728461"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01924"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3078810.3078831"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2006.05.003"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tps-isa48467.2019.00033"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.37.2.122"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1996.tb01822.x"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2601(08)60214-2"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1324474"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61132\/fonologi.v2i4.1228"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27178"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-022-09611-7"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104154"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.03.137"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11408808.pdf?arnumber=11408808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:23:23Z","timestamp":1772519003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11408808\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":112,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3667685","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}