{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1777984138024,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3669489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:56:50Z","timestamp":1772485010000},"page":"38057-38070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Sports Betting as a Financial Asset: An Investigative Analysis of Risk, Investment Potential, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4534-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9 Manass\u00e9","family":"Galekwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Smart Systems Technologies, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am W&#x00F6;rthersee, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7595-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Marie","family":"Tshimula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne Gael","family":"Tajeuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyandoghere","family":"Kyamakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Smart Systems Technologies, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am W&#x00F6;rthersee, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Not feeling the buzz: Correction study of mispricing and inefficiency in online sportsbooks","author":"Clegg","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2306.01740"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2022.07.011"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Predicting soccer outcome with machine learning based on weather condition","author":"Palinggi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X20929881"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Algorithmic trading in financial and sports (exchanges)","author":"Goodacre","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. SSRN"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The evolution of football betting\u2014A machine learning approach to match outcome forecasting and bookmaker odds estimation","author":"Mandadapu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.16282"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/imaman\/dpaa029"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/risks8030088"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57195-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/StS2021-2-4"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Sports betting: An application of neural networks and modern portfolio theory to the English premier league","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.13807"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5750\/jpm.v2i2.441"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/glr2.2018.22106"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigComp57234.2023.00010"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"A systematic review of machine learning in sports betting: Techniques, challenges, and future directions","author":"Galekwa","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2410.21484"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecin.12404"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","first-page":"26","article-title":"Workload monitoring tools in field-based team sports, the emerging technology and analytics used for performance and injury prediction: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Keys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Sport"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/478"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46354\/i3m.2021.emss.032"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14727978251348637"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcorpfin.2022.102307"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"A comparison between financial and gambling markets","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2409.13528"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2019.01.001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mlwa.2024.100539"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1527002520921227"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155862350900400104"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5276358"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Optimizing profits in sports betting","author":"Delavande","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc5040070"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0012487500003636"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108008"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1350486X.2018.1535275"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32731\/ijsf\/164.112021.02"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/bmee.2025.22695"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23302674.2022.2158443"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110033"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119379"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01937235221119811"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"AI and big data in the gambling sector: Redefining casino operations through advanced analytics and machine learning","author":"Abbas","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11408-008-0077-7"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-024-01008-2"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2009.06.001"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w12200"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11417777.pdf?arnumber=11417777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:17:01Z","timestamp":1773692221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11417777\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3669489","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.175616616.60577597\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}