{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:01:48Z","timestamp":1775250108287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers Call of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava to start a Research Career","award":["23-03-09-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-03-09-A"]}]},{"name":"Recovery and Resilience Plan of Slovak Republic (RRP SR) through a call","award":["09I03-03-V05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09I03-03-V05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["APVV-22-606-AI4EYE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-22-606-AI4EYE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Internal Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (FEI) Slovak University of Technology (STU) [TRUST-DIAG-Artificial Intelligence (AI)]","award":["2026-01-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-01-24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3675325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:40:12Z","timestamp":1773862812000},"page":"47800-47815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unconditional GAN-Based Generation of Stage-Specific Fundus Images for Augmenting Diabetic Retinopathy Screening"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6608-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Kovac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Macsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8791-5761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Kurilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6687-9498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondrej","family":"Straka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zlatica","family":"Fellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8490-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarmila","family":"Pavlovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2888639"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3023463"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3808_20"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.101971"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105989"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106885"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107148"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110715"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07953-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.health.2024.100303"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1947"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.13261"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1406.2661"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2020.101938"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3049600"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107119"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Conditional generative adversarial nets","author":"Mirza","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1411.1784"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2759102"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3045475"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"A style-based generator architecture for generative adversarial networks","author":"Karras","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1812.04948"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Training generative adversarial networks with limited data","author":"Karras","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.06676"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3037771"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101561"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101570"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5566\/ias.2346"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2014.6867807"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.825627"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.845178"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2205687"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/154860"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2025.103581"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.129247"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.107078"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Progressive growing of GANs for improved quality, stability, and variation","author":"Karras","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1710.10196"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54097\/9gba9v27"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.11239"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Denoising diffusion implicit models","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.02502"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-05871-9"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC48229.2022.9871771"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Early Experience of Adopting a Generative Diffusion Model for the Synthesis of Fundus Photographs | Research Square"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvprw63382.2024.00239"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53302-0_5"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3446866"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCP56744.2023.10233841"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.health.2024.100340"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3370848"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00507-3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.130103"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3397775"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3213079"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"GANs trained by a two time-scale update rule converge to a local Nash equilibrium","author":"Heusel","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1706.08500"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Pros and cons of GAN evaluation measures","author":"Borji","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1802.03446"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Demystifying MMD GANs","author":"Bi\u0144kowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1801.01401"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Improved techniques for training GANs","author":"Salimans","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1606.03498"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"MobileNets: Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications","author":"Howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1704.04861"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Xception: Deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions","author":"Chollet","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1610.02357"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01167"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330701"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Decoupled weight decay regularization","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1711.05101"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-2604-3_16"},{"issue":"61","key":"ref64","first-page":"2121","article-title":"Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization","volume":"12","author":"Duchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Cross-entropy loss functions: Theoretical analysis and applications","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.07288"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Unified focal loss: Generalising dice and cross entropy-based losses to handle class imbalanced medical image segmentation","author":"Yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2102.04525"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"PyTorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","author":"Paszke","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1912.01703"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11441342.pdf?arnumber=11441342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:55:10Z","timestamp":1775246110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11441342\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":68,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3675325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}