{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:12:39Z","timestamp":1775034759245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Project on Education and Teaching Reform of Weinan Normal University","award":["JG2025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JG2025022"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Education Science Planning Project through the 14th Five-Year Plan","award":["SGH25Q527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGH25Q527"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3676798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:09:20Z","timestamp":1774296560000},"page":"45912-45933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Survey of Intelligent Mapless Multi-Robot Systems: Perception, Distributed Planning, and Predictive Cooperation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4863-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengzong","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiu Hong","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Engineering Design, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Jin","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Engineering Design, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2020.10.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.2022.1143"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-024-00034-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2024.3463476"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13031800"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.22179"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2021.3127925"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4934194"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14030610"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abp9742"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS58592.2024.10802813"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103518"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-021-00387-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2022.3211130"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"LPAC: Learnable perception-action-communication loops with applications to coverage control","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.04855"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Eye, robot: Learning to look to act with a BC-RL perception-action loop","author":"Kerr","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.10968"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120643"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114660"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-019-09828-5"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14132636"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcon.2017.11.005"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120254"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2019.8767340"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.10.010"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-019-01081-3"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2020.2971324"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-022-07438-5"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11114948"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-042920-092451"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Behavior proximal policy optimization","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.11312"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Review of autonomous mobile robots for the warehouse environment","author":"Keith","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.08333"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3044196"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogr.2024.08.002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1729881421992621"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.birob.2024.100203"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Context-aware deep reinforcement learning for autonomous robotic navigation in unknown area","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn. (CoRL)","author":"Liang"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2024.1372375"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2021.9010012"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRA.1986.1087032"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90053-M"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498900800406"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-021-01388-0"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22059\/JCAMECH.2021.330072.648"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199863"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Simultaneous task scheduling and coalition formation in multi-robot systems using centralized and decentralized methods","author":"Aswale","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3148489"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4055735"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cth2.12254"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/eng6070153"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Vision-aided online A* path planning for efficient and safe navigation of service robots","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2511.06801"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2025.3599633"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tiv.2024.3510787"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM55648.2025.11044604"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2024.3463504"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3061891"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/202541004003"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3094498"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA46639.2022.9811642"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649221078874"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Visual cognition in autonomous agents: Integrating perception-action loops through computer vision in agent-based systems","author":"Mirza","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47958-8_2"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2024.0082"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2025.3560830"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1625968"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/csy2.70018"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jestch.2024.101942"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2025.3534682"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3315130"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"An enhanced hierarchical planning framework for multi-robot autonomous exploration","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2410.19373"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3030190"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2021.103863"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2023.3344051"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17298806241279595"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2022.3228132"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2024.3358718"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12092131"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41315-024-00378-3"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14132575"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44230-023-00044-0"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12234797"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-025-02304-6"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"LLM-based generalizable hierarchical task planning and execution for heterogeneous robot teams with event-driven replanning","author":"Borate","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2511.22354"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/case49439.2021.9551447"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-024-02187-z"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13183697"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS51168.2021.9635830"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9341480"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Probabilistic latency analysis of the data distribution service in ROS 2","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.10413"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics14050063"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIoT66900.2025.00034"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"Optimizing ROS 2 communication for wireless robotic systems","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.11366"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS60139.2025.11246913"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.multra.2025.100222"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1306-y"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00868"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2538220"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3074866"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Multi-agent trajectory prediction by combining egocentric and allocentric views","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn. (CoRL)","author":"Jia"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-020-00116-6"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities8040105"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72848-8_6"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25051353"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9197481"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3614859"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"27107","article-title":"GRIN: Generative relation and intention network for multi-agent trajectory prediction","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.11.005"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Iterative motion planning in multi-agent systems with opportunistic communication under disturbance","author":"Thelasingha","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.12457"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"Multi-agent pathfinding under team-connected communication constraint via adaptive path expansion and dynamic leading","author":"Bui","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2501.02770"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2025\/30"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/ms-16-87-2025"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.130543"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.13301"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3625220"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00074"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610602"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01980"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3283542"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Recent advances in multi-agent human trajectory prediction: A comprehensive review","author":"Finet","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.14831"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"Knowledge-informed multi-agent trajectory prediction at signalized intersections for infrastructure-to-everything","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2501.13461"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072065"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103588"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Labits: Layered bidirectional time surfaces representation for event camera-based continuous dense trajectory estimation","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2412.08849"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11187-w"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01445"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6912247"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Trajectory prediction via Bayesian intention inference under unknown goals and kinematics","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.24928"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102597"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2025.3575969"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Multi-scenario highway lane-change intention prediction: A temporal physics-informed multi-modal framework","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2512.24075"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Light future: Multimodal action frame prediction via InstructPix2Pix","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.14809"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2024.3379166"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2609838"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aaz9712"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2020.101103"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.65109\/ggoo2441"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3281666"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-024-02198-w"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"RoboOS: A hierarchical embodied framework for cross-embodiment and multi-agent collaboration","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.03673"},{"key":"ref139","article-title":"Neuromorphic computing with multi-frequency oscillations: A bio-inspired approach to artificial intelligence","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.02191"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2025.XXI.055"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"An empirical design justice approach to identifying ethical considerations in the intersection of large language models and social robotics","author":"Markelius","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.06400"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11454516.pdf?arnumber=11454516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:08:21Z","timestamp":1775023701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11454516\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":141,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3676798","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}