{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:58:37Z","timestamp":1781726317514,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP260101891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP260101891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3686437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:50:57Z","timestamp":1776887457000},"page":"86992-87011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fact or Fake? Assessing the Role of Deepfake Detectors in Multimodal Misinformation Detection"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4891-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. S. M. Sharifuzzaman","family":"SAGAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bennamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7250-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Boussaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeha","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1759-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaaban","family":"Sahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kishk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aljazeera Media Network Investigative Department, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719834"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgaf194"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448231153959"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52589\/ajsshr-zyyjxfds"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Video shows doctor collapsing in early 2020, not COVID vaccine effect","author":"Fichera","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Alarming: Convincing ai vaccine and vaping disinformation generated by Australian researchers","author":"Davey","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSIPAASC58517.2023.10317336"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Deepfake detection that generalizes across benchmarks","author":"Yermakov","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.06248"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Deepfake media generation and detection in the generative AI era: A survey and outlook","author":"Croitoru","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.19537"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43153-1_29"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100612451018"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000098"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1125533"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00009"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00327"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The DeepFake detection challenge (DFDC) dataset","author":"Dolhansky","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.07397"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2025.105418"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78305-0_13"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02685"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Deepfake detection of face images based on a convolutional neural network","author":"Kroi\u00df","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.11389"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13010031"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3606585"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3546876"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"COSMOS: Catching out-of-context misinformation with self-supervised learning","author":"Aneja","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2101.06278"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01413-3"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.129997"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01240"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103653"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627673.3679826"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.emnlp-main.284"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3696410.3714498"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3627504"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.361"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Defame: Dynamic evidence-based fact-checking with multimodal experts","author":"Braun","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2412.10510"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/bigdata66926.2025.11400846"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2026.3669799"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Holmes: Automated fact check with large language models","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.03135"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QPAIN66474.2025.11171663"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i28.35354"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3774905.3796483"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3520187"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3584395"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.magmar-1.1"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-8620-6_40"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645455"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Mirage: Agentic framework for multimodal misinformation detection with Web-grounded reasoning","author":"Shopnil","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.17590"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2025.3553939"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2026.fever-1.8"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2026.fever-1.10"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Is a picture worth a thousand words? Adaptive multimodal fact-checking with visual evidence necessity","author":"Jung","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv:2604.04692"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Veritas: The first dynamic benchmark for multimodal automated fact-checking","author":"Rothermel","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv:2601.08611"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"T${}^{2}$\nAgent a tool-augmented multimodal misinformation detection agent with Monte Carlo tree search","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.19768"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00808"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW63382.2024.00381"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02657"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01024"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-0691"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11493433.pdf?arnumber=11493433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:40:15Z","timestamp":1781725215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11493433\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3686437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}