{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:12:29Z","timestamp":1778789549591,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3689521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:55:10Z","timestamp":1777665310000},"page":"67609-67621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance-Oriented Design and Numerical Investigation of a 34% Efficient Two-Terminal Monolithic Perovskite\/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2328-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarun","family":"Vasamsetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. Lakshmi","family":"Tirupathamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banee Bandana","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Raghvendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SOET, BML Munjal University, Gurugram, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7471-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saswat Kumar","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.12.153"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.3750"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2013.2270351"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1736034"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201700731"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0115-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.9"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02965A"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.3646"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201500963"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"219","article-title":"Efficient monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 33%","volume":"380","author":"Werner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4016"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE02268F"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/green-2011-0018"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2013.2282737"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(99)00825-1"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"267","article-title":"Modeling thin-film PV devices","volume":"480","author":"Burgelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Numerical modeling of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells","volume":"107","author":"Khelifi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s003390050984","article-title":"Electronic properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells","volume":"69","author":"Rau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A, Solids Surf."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/p276"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad4424"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3691","article-title":"A generic interface to reduce hysteresis and enhance efficiency in perovskite solar cells","volume":"367","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4417"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE01206A","article-title":"Interplay between perovskite bandgap and tandem efficiency","volume":"14","author":"Aydin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"219","article-title":"On the origin of voltage losses in perovskite solar cells","volume":"13","author":"Caprioglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"844","article-title":"Improved optics in monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandems","volume":"4","author":"Sahli","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6b00405"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Oxford PV retakes tandem solar cell efficiency record","author":"Hutchins","year":"2020","journal-title":"PV Mag."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP03788J","article-title":"Complex refractive index spectra of perovskites","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f6per","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee03489a"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2020.01.006"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Design optimization of thin-film solar cells","volume":"29","author":"Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2018.11.011","article-title":"Charge transport in perovskite solar cells","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-020-03758-1","article-title":"Interface defect engineering in solar cells","volume":"126","author":"Pathania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A, Solids Surf."},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Numerical modeling of photovoltaic devices","volume":"217","author":"Kashyap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"19829","article-title":"SCAPS-based performance analysis of solar cells","volume-title":"Sci. Rep.","volume":"11","author":"Madan","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2021.05.042","article-title":"Perovskite absorber optimization for tandem cells","volume":"223","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202002707"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.715"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Performance improvement and defects analysis in perovskite-based solar cell","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE 46th Photovolt. Spec. Conf. (PVSC)","author":"Shukla"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"112","article-title":"SCAPS-1D simulation of recombination mechanisms in perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells","volume":"258","author":"Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Current matching analysis of two-terminal perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells using SCAPS","volume":"13","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Photovolt."},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Bandgap optimization of perovskite top cell for silicon-based tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D","volume":"196","author":"Elumalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Optical modeling of perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells using transfer matrix method coupled with SCAPS-1D","volume":"138","author":"Rafieipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Numerical investigation of recombination losses in perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells","volume":"154","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Thickness optimization of perovskite absorber layer for high-efficiency tandem solar cells using SCAPS simulation","volume":"928","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compounds"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2021.3078063"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Wide-bandgap perovskite absorber optimization for tandem photovoltaic applications using SCAPS","volume":"250","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Defect density engineering in perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulation","volume":"185","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Superlattices Microstruct."},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"11234","article-title":"Numerical investigation of current-matched perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D achieving 31.9% efficiency","volume-title":"Sci. Rep.","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Interface defect optimization in perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells for enhanced photovoltaic performance using SCAPS simulation","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2023.114124"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2024.109740"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2023.116506"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10825-023-02031-x"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2021.09.015"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"414525","article-title":"Interface defect passivation effects in perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D","volume":"650","author":"Pandey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. B"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67334-y"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2023.3241793"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11503238.pdf?arnumber=11503238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:59:10Z","timestamp":1778788750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11503238\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3689521","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}