{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:47:36Z","timestamp":1783579656484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3691685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T19:40:53Z","timestamp":1778269253000},"page":"70565-70580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prompt to Protection: A Comparative Study of Multimodal LLMs in Construction Hazard Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6205-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishi","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6829-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S M Jamil","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-5218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathvik Sharath","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8815-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anto","family":"Ovid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01446193.2013.816435"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Occupational Safety and Health Management in the Construction Sector | International Labour Organization"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2014.01.008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000979"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22084"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22110"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22545"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001274"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001673"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784482872.055"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104774"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01446193.2020.1797133"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.10.004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.11.007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217788"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2009.12.017"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.11.020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001256"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784482438.036"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.11.003"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10072335"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107049"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2020.00136"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3215148"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2018.05.003"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2017.2719763"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020944"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032358"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Large Language Models (LLMs) With Google AI | Google Cloud","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"What is an LLM (large Language Model)? | Cloudflare","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"LLMs meet multimodal generation and editing: A survey","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.19334"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13040857"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15097121"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22747"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ecam-03-2024-0314"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"BIM-GPT: A prompt-based virtual assistant framework for BIM information retrieval","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"arxiv: 2304.09333"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64346\/plop2023p05"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4504303"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2024.04.020"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/te.2024.3467912"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/honet63146.2024.10822885"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4645601"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13071772"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104465"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103929"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--48459"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"328","article-title":"Impact of ChatGPT on Student writing in construction management: Analyzing literature and countermeasures for writing intensive courses","volume-title":"Proc. 60th Annu. Associated Schools","volume":"5","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1949-5_23"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14041352"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2024.105315"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2025.101260"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01029-4"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23939\/csn2024.02.268"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54254\/2755-2721\/73\/20240367"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metrad.2023.100047"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12954"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/jcemd4.coeng-16639"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/civileng5040049"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app142411586"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1613"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Brown"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Towards better chain-of-thought prompting strategies: A survey","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.04959"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1800"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.153"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.sustainlp-1.13"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Strategies for Improving Hazard Recognition, Version 1.1","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2018.11.020"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010071"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197304000-00011"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000790"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/jcemd4.coeng-15563"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.09.005"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000347"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.616"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Large language models for text classification: Case study and comprehensive review","author":"Kostina","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2501.08457"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"Classification: Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and Related Metrics | Machine Learning | Google for Developers","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72215-8_12"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04761-4"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.eval4nlp-1.9"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412961288.n478"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11513397.pdf?arnumber=11513397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:55:12Z","timestamp":1778874912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11513397\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3691685","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}