{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:14:27Z","timestamp":1779308067364,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3693081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:58:44Z","timestamp":1778788724000},"page":"73921-73934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GNSS-Spoofing Detection via Machine Learning With In-Domain and Cross-Domain Testing and Open-Access I\/Q Data"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8028-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadir","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Wireless Research Center, Electrical Engineering Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-4256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leatile","family":"Marata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Wireless Research Center, Electrical Engineering Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Wireless Research Center, Electrical Engineering Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1718-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Simona","family":"Lohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Wireless Research Center, Electrical Engineering Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Understanding GPS\/GNSS: Principles and Applications","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2024.3429049"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstars.2024.3385738"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134210"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3413954"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3408836"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tce.2023.3346287"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ntca60572.2024.10517809"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icassp48485.2024.10448170"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3107871"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2019.2949178"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14050898"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24124015"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2022.3204944"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157337"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/infocomwkshps47286.2019.9093755"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2023.19302"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Novel models and algorithms paving the road towards RF convergence","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jrfid.2020.2968369"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Analysis of spoofing detection algorithms on TEXBAT and OAKBAT data","author":"Khan","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.101694"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ubmk63289.2024.10773593"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.17.4.287-293"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsmcc.2011.2161285"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icet49382.2020.9119515"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icpads60453.2023.00297"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/spawc66079.2025.11143386"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iceeng58856.2024.10566287"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e27090938"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200549"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance","author":"Misra","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2024.19744"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"2314","article-title":"Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Int. Tech. Meeting Satell. Division Inst. Navig. (ION GNSS)","author":"Humphreys"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2024.3354110"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/etecte63967.2024.10823726"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/127072"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ccnc51644.2023.10060423"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icspcc55723.2022.9984624"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101771"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-023-01103-1"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"3569","article-title":"The Texas spoofing test battery: Toward a standard for evaluating GPS signal authentication techniques","volume-title":"Proc. ION GNSS Conf.","author":"Kyle"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17712"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/navitec53682.2022.9847540"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-024-01719-2"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeedata.2025.3627116"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11517370.pdf?arnumber=11517370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:53:50Z","timestamp":1779306830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11517370\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3693081","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}