{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T23:04:01Z","timestamp":1780009441233,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds through the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50014\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50014\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3694469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T19:47:23Z","timestamp":1779133643000},"page":"77165-77192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous Business Process Improvement Driven by Large Language Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7555-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson S.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique S.","family":"Mamede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC, Portuguese Open University, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4223-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MagIC, NOVA IMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IKT51791.2020.9345637"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-56509-4"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"A review of AI and machine learning contribution in predictive business process management (process enhancement and process improvement approaches)","author":"Abbasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.11043"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-06-2013-0074"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Competing on Analytics: Updated, With a New Introduction: The New Science of Winning","author":"Davenport","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Brown"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"9459","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Lewis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.04319"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2573234X.2018.1543535"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Towards a rigorous science of interpretable machine learning","author":"Doshi-Velez","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1702.08608"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2018.07.007"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674736061"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11457.001.0001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1755207"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"ProcessGPT: Transforming business process manage-ment with generative AI","author":"Beheshti","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2305.01837"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-50974-2_34"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"OMG Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification, OMG Std. Version 2.5.1","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","first-page":"96","article-title":"Lean six sigma: Combining six sigma quality with lean speed","volume":"36","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Quality Progress"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0007-6813(05)80064-3"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/12239"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2021.100124"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Evaluating large language models trained on code","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.03374"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641289"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Emergent abilities of large language models","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.07682"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models","author":"Bommasani","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.07258"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"An empirical study on challenging math problem solving with GPT-4","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2306.01337"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113880"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"An artificial intelligence based approach to automate document processing in business area","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.104"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65661-4_12"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781789909814.00018"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781036232009"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41623-1_7"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-024-40231-1"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-61007-3_18"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of large language models in management: Applications, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Latex Class Files"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.126383"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70445-1_35"},{"issue":"2004","key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procedures for performing systematic reviews","volume":"33","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2009.07.005"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0388-8"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Harzing\u2019s Publish or Perish","author":"Harzing","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Criteria for determining predatory open-access publishers","author":"Beall","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.029"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1273445.1273458"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9181-6_13"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npls.2016.01.001"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446288719"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.11.054"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"A bibliome-tria nas pesquisas acad\u00eamicas","volume":"4","author":"Pimenta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientia"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"SJR\u2014SCImago Journal and Country Rank","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esep00076"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Google Scholar","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3744746"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2024.2423190"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3513279"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Beyond deep reinforcement learning: A tutorial on generative diffusion models in network optimization","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2308.05384"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53960-2_4"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-59465-6_12"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4808469"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/crlsj15220234"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-12-2022-0631"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41959-023-00099-x"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.05.123"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3604237.3626908"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-023-00680-1"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/K-08-2023-1447"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am2220235"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am22202315\/"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am2220232"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108632"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3700597"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/crlsj15220236"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.05421"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2023.2255884"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Large process models: A vision for business process management in the age of generative AI","author":"Kampik","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2309.00900"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124181"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am22202314"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2024.102424"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/crlsj15220234"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-02-2024-0108"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Recent advances in data-driven business process management","author":"Ackermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.01786"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3469215"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"SmartFlow: Robotic process automation using LLMs","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.12842"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-07-2021-0484"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2022.103837"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23270012.2025.2484225"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/asi7020029"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info14100577"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225669"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09700161.2023.2288994"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3361650"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000274"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLSS-07-2023-0126"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.070"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref98","first-page":"2948","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis","volume":"98","author":"Alsharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3"},{"key":"ref100","volume-title":"VOSviewer","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref101","volume-title":"Google Looker Studio","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.07.001"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33607\/bjshs.v4i123.1145"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-005-0281-4"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507655102"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2015.1450520100103"},{"key":"ref107","volume-title":"Software Architecture in Practice","author":"Bass","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419764"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300233"},{"key":"ref110","volume-title":"Discrete-Event System Simulation","author":"Banks","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28616-2_7"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199253944.001.0001"},{"key":"ref114","volume-title":"Risk Management\u2014Guidelines","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref115","volume-title":"Enterprise Risk Management: Integrating With Strategy and Performance","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119644682"},{"key":"ref117","volume-title":"Information Security, Cybersecurity and Privacy Protection\u2014Information Security Controls","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref118","volume-title":"Information Technology\u2014Security Techniques\u2014Information Security Risk Management","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref119","volume-title":"Security Techniques\u2014Extension to ISO\/IEC 27001 and ISO\/IEC 27002 for Privacy Information Management","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01812-9"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258038"},{"key":"ref122","volume-title":"Information Security, Cybersecurity and Privacy Protection\u2014Information Security Management Systems\u2014Requirements","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref123","volume-title":"Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) Version 2.0","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref124","volume-title":"Lean Six Sigma: Combining Six Sigma Quality With Lean Production Speed","author":"George","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref125","article-title":"A survey of reinforcement learning from human feedback","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Conceptualization and framework of hybrid intelligence systems, \"Conceptualization and framework of hybrid intelligence systems","author":"Prakash","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"Hidden technical debt in machine learning systems","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"28","author":"Sculley"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.05.001"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11523489.pdf?arnumber=11523489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T22:39:37Z","timestamp":1780007977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11523489\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":128,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3694469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}