{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:59:25Z","timestamp":1781294365991,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2221-E-A49-054-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2221-E-A49-054-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2221-E-A49-164-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2221-E-A49-164-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115-2634-F-A49-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2634-F-A49-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003848","name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3700157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T19:40:18Z","timestamp":1780688418000},"page":"85682-85694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Pixel- and Object-Level Anomaly Detection for Robust Autonomous Driving"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4136-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0730-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4159-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983149"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113816"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01511-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-0128"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.350"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1802.02611"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"12077","article-title":"SegFormer: Simple and efficient design for semantic segmentation with transformers","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Xie"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00224"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759186"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00508"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01664"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3335152"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00545"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"9","article-title":"SegmentMeIfYouCan: A benchmark for anomaly segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. Track Datasets Benchmarks","author":"Chan"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS55552.2023.10342306"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01331"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00495"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"A baseline for detecting misclassified and out-of-distribution examples in neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Hendrycks"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancing the reliability of out-of-distribution image detection in neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Liang"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72904-1_7"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01296"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00072"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00295"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-025-02509-0"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.30.87"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"21464","article-title":"Energy-based out-of-distribution detection","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2699184"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.544"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"7167","article-title":"A simple unified framework for detecting out-of-distribution samples and adversarial attacks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"31","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01536"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19842-7_15"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"On a formal model of safe and scalable self-driving cars","author":"Shalev-Shwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1708.06374"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2026.3659078"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11552634.pdf?arnumber=11552634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:44:03Z","timestamp":1781293443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11552634\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3700157","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}