{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:49:35Z","timestamp":1782161375003,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council","award":["RC2025-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2025-27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3702269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T20:03:37Z","timestamp":1781121817000},"page":"89083-89108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical Federated Reinforcement Learning for Privacy-Preserving HVac Optimization in Building Clusters"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Communications Information and Technology Group Company Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Financial Shared Service Center, China Communications Construction Group, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Communications Information and Technology Group Company Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Communications Information and Technology Group Company Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Financial Shared Service Center, China Communications Construction Group, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Financial Shared Service Center, China Communications Construction Group, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8762-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.01.011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2025.113797"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"2012 CBECS Survey Data","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2021.3120971"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.118362"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2022.112709"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.115761"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEGE65970.2025.11203378"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcon.2021.04.008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144756"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3061639.3062224"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.115408"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"McMahan"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2020.2975749"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14091790"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00065"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3298981"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2986024"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2904348"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.01.063"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3760788"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114762"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-022-1343-2"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Federated learning with personalization layers","author":"Arivazhagan","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1912.00818"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144898"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2023.3251956"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2020.09.001"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12194179"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.1747"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.07.029"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13081459"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14163327"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2025.100521"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123447"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4070007"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.116452"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2007.03.007"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101692"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.114683"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2124461"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14132602"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.08.092"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2006.07.025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142214794"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55981\/j.mev.2025.961"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840100093"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0143624412465200"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2011.04.006"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106863"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14112106"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/9781601988195"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247030"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123611"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123016"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1998.712192"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3558005"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"7611","article-title":"Tackling the objective inconsistency problem in heterogeneous federated optimization","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"5132","article-title":"SCAFFOLD: Stochastic controlled averaging for federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Karimireddy"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"An adaptive differential privacy method based on federated learning","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.08909"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7788(00)00114-6"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Efficient hvac control with deep reinforcement learning and energyplus","volume-title":"Proc. Climate Change AI Workshop, Held Conjunction With (ICLR)","author":"Markowitz"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NET-LC65482.2025.11070831"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11557308.pdf?arnumber=11557308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T19:58:09Z","timestamp":1782158289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11557308\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3702269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}