{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:23:42Z","timestamp":1783110222374,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00cdvel Superior (CAPES), Brazil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3703920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:48:16Z","timestamp":1781552896000},"page":"96983-97002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Algorithms for Bitcoin Transaction Fraud Detection: A Large-Scale Empirical Study"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio De Aquino","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT and Statistics (INE), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Sandro Roschildt","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT and Statistics (INE), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Medeiros De Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science (PGCIN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Emilia Maria","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"State of the Network: Bitcoin Transaction Volume Analysis","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hhz015"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Bitcoin laundering: An analysis of illicit flows into digital currency services","author":"Fanusie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Center Sanctions Illicit Finance Memorandum"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4139-7_10"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504747"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"The 2022 Crypto Crime Report","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of data mining-based fraud detection research","author":"Phua","year":"2010","journal-title":"arXiv:1009.6119"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.04.007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_4"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258365"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47854-7_4"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSA.2016.7802939"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2018.00014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1541880.1541882"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737364"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Anti-money laundering in Bitcoin: Experimenting with graph convolutional networks for financial forensics","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1908.02591"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2016.0039"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cybsec\/tyz003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/612"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"The Elliptic Data Set: Opening Up Machine Learning on the Blockchain","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.17"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601750264965"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/342009.335388"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3001460.3001507"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127647"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1270566"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Cryptocurrency Address Abuse Database","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icbds58040.2023.10346590"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icpct64145.2025.10940669"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/accai61061.2024.10602116"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wf-iot58464.2023.10539490"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/scored60679.2023.10563253"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsc.2024.3411449"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01174-x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01289-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2022.110670"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47578-3"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086197"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"The Elliptic Data Set","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP-SmartWorld.2016.0071"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","author":"Tukey","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","first-page":"151","article-title":"The fundamental problem of the search for a definition of money","volume":"25","author":"Raghavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Econ. Methodol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1042727940"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.08.008"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-014-0365-y"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400874668"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2347736.2347755"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45014-9_1"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref51","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","volume-title":"Proc. KDD","volume":"96","author":"Ester"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Anomaly detection in Bitcoin network using unsupervised learning methods","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1611.03941"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"2025 Crypto Crime Report","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"The 2024 Crypto Crime Report","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Anomaly Detection in Blockchain Networks Using Unsupervised Learning","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"A Machine Learning and Blockchain Based Efficient Fraud Detection Mechanism","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Detecting Anomalies in Blockchain Transactions Using Machine Learning","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-023-00525-y"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Detecting Potential Money Laundering Addresses in the Bitcoin Network","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Welcome to the Chainabuse API","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Credit card fraud detection: A deep learning approach","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2409.13406"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Leveraging K-Means Clustering and Z-Score for Anomaly Detection","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"When 1+1=3. Matching the Right Data to Prevent Fraud","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17010044","article-title":"Fraud detection in cryptocurrency networks\u2014An exploration using anomaly detection and heterogeneous graph transformers","volume":"17","author":"P\u00e9rez-Cano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Internet"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11563802.pdf?arnumber=11563802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:53:43Z","timestamp":1783108423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11563802\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3703920","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}