{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:44:29Z","timestamp":1782798269893,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology through the Projects \u201cADIALab-MAST\u201d and \u201cLLMs4EU\u201d","award":["101198470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101198470"]}]},{"name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center through the Project \u201cTIFON\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3706338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:46:19Z","timestamp":1782243979000},"page":"95468-95497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Theory-Grounded LLM Societies for Emergent Coordination"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"de Curt\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"de Zarz\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Centered AI, Data &#x0026; Software, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"The Evolution of Cooperation","author":"Axelrod","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133755"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2007.04.004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04605"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.098104"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.58.69"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.01.002"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical physics of human cooperation","volume-title":"Phys. Rep.","volume":"687","author":"Perc","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","volume-title":"arXiv:2303.08774","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models","author":"Touvron","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.09288"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Improving factuality and reasoning in language models through multiagent debate","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2305.14325"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.992"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-2264"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4222-0"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Large language model based multi-agents: A survey of progress and challenges","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2402.01680"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02172-y"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Nicer than humans: How do large language models behave in the Prisoner\u2019s dilemma?","author":"Fontana","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.13605"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i16.29751"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-3548"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173179"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2009.10.003"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2025.3650172"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3548451"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12122722","article-title":"Emergent cooperation and strategy adaptation in multi-agent systems: An extended coevolutionary theory with LLMs","volume":"12","author":"de Zarz\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30918"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5486\/PMD.1959.6.3-4.12"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020140"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02360"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2026.118052","article-title":"Q-learning driven adaptive decision rules and environmental transformation in three strategy evolutionary games","volume":"207","author":"Begum","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41420-x"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92094-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.111459","article-title":"How evolutionary game could solve the human vaccine dilemma","volume":"152","author":"Kabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons Fractals"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","first-page":"25","article-title":"Playing games with GPT: What can we learn about a large language model from canonical strategic games?","volume":"44","author":"Brookins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. Bull., AccessEcon"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3600729"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-025-00361-w"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3468914"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11575974.pdf?arnumber=11575974","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:11:34Z","timestamp":1782796294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11575974\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3706338","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}