{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:08:45Z","timestamp":1784095725899,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Government of India, under ICMR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIRP-2023-0657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIRP-2023-0657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3708197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:40:57Z","timestamp":1782762057000},"page":"102454-102472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoding of Imagined Speech Using EEG: An Overview of Techniques, Applications, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4762-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Divya Keerthana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7659-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subasree","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3596-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. K.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore (IIIT-B), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. P.","family":"Vandana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9007-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namya","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Raghavendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2278-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhav","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore (IIIT-B), Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117724"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2025.1583428"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2010.00166"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00429"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10978-7_10"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000021"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5192068","article-title":"Ai-based classification of EEG signals for inner and pronounced speech and visualized cognitive tasks: A machine learning and explainability approach","author":"San Segundo-Gonzalo","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2025.3634273"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0297-24.2025"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.38.8.1147"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3472830"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2019.1693050"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer interface: Past, present & future","author":"Arafat","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/computers9020046"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/4\/046028"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"201","article-title":"EEG-based discrimination of imagined speech phonemes","volume":"13","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioelectromagnetism"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/7\/4\/046006"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2013.07.011"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-24578-2_4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.08.018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065706000482"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.611130"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11259-x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-11080-y"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164629"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00290"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3280636"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2025.3554449"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111501"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186975"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development and application of emerging interaction technologies in human-computer interaction","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput., Signal, Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-019-09558-5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2910115"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.578875"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06976"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.07.001"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.074"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248168"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820125-1.00025-7"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-024-10167-0"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2024.0150242"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3105917"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade28e"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2938"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab0c59"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/3\/035015"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2019.1589541"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960903498424","article-title":"The DIVA model: A neural theory of speech acquisition and production","volume":"26","author":"Tourville","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lang. Cognit. Processes"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407794-2.00025-0"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2113"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61435-y"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00234"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.040"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414491112"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.804832"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-62630-1.00009-3"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120629"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2023.105954"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-04114-1"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2019.04.004"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.642251"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-63327-9.00018-7"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00819-9"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27725-3"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2027540"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00957-6"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01576-8"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad245"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3181960453"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.867281"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2022.2152696"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1883"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3116196"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.08.035"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuri.2022.100091"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frsip.2022.760643"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030196"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-8695\/adcff1"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/adeec8"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110413"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2618265"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2786251"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2017.2758164"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1137-9"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"A novel deep learning architecture for decoding imagined speech from EEG","author":"Panachakel","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2003.09374"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.101899"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.2021-0118"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.6954"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.01.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref91","first-page":"56","article-title":"Classification of imagined speech EEG signals with DWT and SVM","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Instrum."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8333084"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1163578"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-024-03083-2"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.115295"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-025-01100-7"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196503"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCDS.2020.3007453"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2024_JSLHR-24-00046"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3040289"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471740360.ebs0418"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.06.298"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3997\/2214-4609.2025638042"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC58623.2025.11254944"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-MSC18-18-0198"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147778"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2014.00014"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9629802"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15518"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac008"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-231344"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120997"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000181"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2019.00045"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115137"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00217"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3158"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11586018.pdf?arnumber=11586018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:54:35Z","timestamp":1784094875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11586018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":117,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3708197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}