{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:01:00Z","timestamp":1785355260255,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,","award":["FSMG-2025-0070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSMG-2025-0070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3713829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:06:14Z","timestamp":1784145974000},"page":"112698-112713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Hodge Laplacian Analysis of Anaphoric Structure in Large Language Model Representations"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Lazovskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman K.","family":"Khismatullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor B.","family":"Kazantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Stasenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00349"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"From understanding to utilization: A survey on explainability for large language models","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.12874"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"A practical review of mechanistic interpretability for transformer-based language models","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.02646"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4828"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"3543","article-title":"Attention is not explanation","volume-title":"Proc. NAACL","author":"Jain"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00422"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"12","article-title":"A mathematical framework for transformer circuits","volume":"1","author":"Elhage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transformer Circuits Thread"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.01.010"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Towards generating automatic anaphora annotations","author":"Taji","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.09417"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1452"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1002"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"How contextual are contextualized word representations?","volume-title":"Proc. EMNLP","author":"Ethayarajh"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.403"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"The geometry of hidden states in large language models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Valeriani"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"The geometry of tokens in internal representations of large language models","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2501.10573"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Large language models encode semantics in low-dimensional linear subspaces","author":"Saglam","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.09709"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN55064.2022.9891897"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1706"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.50"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Can persistent homology whiten transformer-based black-box models? A case study on BERT compression","author":"Balderas","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2312.10702"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math14020378"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1223101"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02566245"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.104.064303"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Hodge Laplacians on weighted simplicial complexes: Forms, closures, and essential self-adjointness","author":"Ennaceur","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.15546"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-00963-7"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3376"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/21M1435471"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01447877"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/mbk\/069"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00454-002-2885-2"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00454-004-1146-y"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00454-006-1276-5"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/cbms\/092"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"The persistent Laplacian for data science: Evaluating higher-order persistent spectral representations of data","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Davies"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4310\/HHA.2024.v26.n2.a15"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Lipschitz bounds for persistent Laplacian eigenvalues under one-simplex insertions","author":"Anh","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.21352"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.2981920"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/fods.2021006"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Tracking the persistence of harmonic chains: Barcode and stability","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2412.15419"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Mistral 7B","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.06825"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.936"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/980190.980237"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.132"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44199-2_28"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Disentangling the spectral properties of the Hodge Laplacian: Not all small eigenvalues are equal","author":"Roddenberry","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2311.14427"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800020109"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2201968119"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-eacl.58"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Persistent topological features in large language models","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Gardinazzi"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9747203"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Differential syntactic and semantic encoding in LLMs","author":"Acevedo","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv:2601.04765"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1580"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"4129","article-title":"A structural probe for finding syntax in word representations","volume-title":"Proc. NAACL","author":"Hewitt"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11610968.pdf?arnumber=11610968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:11:31Z","timestamp":1785352291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11610968\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3713829","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}