{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T19:33:40Z","timestamp":1786563220041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Undergraduate Education Reform Project of Shandong Province","award":["Z2024259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2024259"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2024QF012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QF012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62003189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3719781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:05:26Z","timestamp":1785870326000},"page":"120577-120589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Study on the Effectiveness of Gamification in STEM Higher Education: A Case Study of Probability and Mathematical Statistics"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4920-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-025-00533-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-026-00607-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021eo157277"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-023-00424-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54097\/ijeh.v6i2.3660"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-023-00447-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47408\/jldhe.vi24.888"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Situated motivational affordances of game elements: A conceptual model","volume-title":"Proc. Gamification, Using Game Design Elements Non-Gaming Contexts, CHI Workshop","volume":"10","author":"Deterding"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/etcm56276.2022.9935729"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18844\/wjet.v14i3.7341"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09807-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3595510"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-021-00319-7"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-020-00207-6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-13210-z"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3139729"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1253549"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.13009"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-023-00227-z"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6007\/ijarped\/v12-i1\/15732"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-024-00521-3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.994700"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2996361"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916903117"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.08.019"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09498-w"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2020.100322"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-025-00541-1"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-024-00503-5"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3537599"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-023-10337-7"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2014.2329293"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-021-09271-5"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.12116"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-024-00361-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.033"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15390\/eb.2018.7726"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-024-00336-3"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106963"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.10.022"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.048"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0176-8"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-022-00327-1"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-023-00405-y"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11641459.pdf?arnumber=11641459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T19:08:47Z","timestamp":1786561727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11641459\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3719781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}