{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:55:07Z","timestamp":1790970907335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2026.3734526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:08:38Z","timestamp":1789672118000},"page":"149208-149223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting Chinese Character Recognition Achievement: The Roles of Perceived Blended Learning Environment, Self-Efficacy, and Social-Affective Learning Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0268-4440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya","place":["Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"department":["Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Shahril Nizam Bin","family":"Shaharom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya","place":["Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"department":["Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wong Seng","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya","place":["Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3638-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya","place":["Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198862536.003.0001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fer3.65"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100319"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44443-026-00605-w"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2025.118794"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/te.2023.3241099"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811188"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v25i1.7566"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcallt.377174"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440231185699"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-025-01028-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2025.103954"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-015-9318-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2004.11.001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12562-w"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1841801"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2017.08.001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1799032"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1769683"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13060531"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11015-6"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31053"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.46.2.186.11926"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/sp.j.1041.2016.01258"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-015-9549-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.191217.176"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2008.tb03291.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.180"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19109\/ijobs.v2i2.14928"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18196\/ijiep.v4i1.18247"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/fon-2021-0005"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33122\/ijoce.v4i2.35"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/ermm-15.2015.37"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.s401145"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13090704"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295x.84.2.191"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.21641"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688211021736"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2025.2528096"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/modl.12339"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104252"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"114","article-title":"Why do individuals use e-portfolios?","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Educ. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-11-2018-0203"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920638601200408"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511667206.025"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"An Approach to Environmental Psychology","author":"Mehrabian","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09465-5"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/jfas.v9i4s.50"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-1168.1000126"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1372005"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15305051003637306"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261444810000492"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440251320052"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2011.555390"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30564\/jpr.v3i2.2965"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14687\/jhs.v14i1.4141"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0147-0"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01193"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111655"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11120548"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1000069"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3946\/kjme.2022.238"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-01995-9"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.8-9-2023.2339957"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018863"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100033"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2017.12.001"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362168819876156"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/11323511\/11694379.pdf?arnumber=11694379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:06:30Z","timestamp":1790967990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11694379\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2026.3734526","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}