{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:17:53Z","timestamp":1773242273697,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/arso.2017.8025197","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T16:26:40Z","timestamp":1504542400000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Addressing bias in machine learning algorithms: A pilot study on emotion recognition for intelligent systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Ayanna","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cha","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Horvitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HSI.2016.7529664"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA434943"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Face Landmarking Techniques","volume":"13","author":"sankur","year":"2013","journal-title":"EURASIP J Image and Video Processing"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771418"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3229","article-title":"Neural network approaches for children's emotion recognition in intelligent learning applications","author":"albu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc of EDULEARN 2015"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079131"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27863-6_28"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.343"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2016.11"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Training Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognition with Crowd-Sourced Label Distribution","author":"barsoum","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Conference on Mulimodal Interaction (ICMI) ACM"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903485076"},{"key":"ref28","author":"joachims","year":"1999","journal-title":"Making large-Scale SVM Learning Practical Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007601015854"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"319","article-title":"Optimized Facial Features-based Age Classification","volume":"6","author":"alom","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Academy of Science Eng and Technology"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"257","article-title":"Evaluating boosting algorithms to classify rare cases: comparison and improvements","author":"joshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"First IEEE International Conference on Data Mining"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2829994","article-title":"Video and Image based Emotion Recognition Challenges in the Wild: EmotiW 2015","author":"dhall","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Conference on Mulimodal Interaction (ICMI) ACM"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence's White Guy Problem","author":"crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"New York Times Opinionator"},{"key":"ref5","author":"doerrfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"20+ emotion recognition apis that will leave you impressed and concerned"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1774674.1774683"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2014.6926297"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","article-title":"SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique","volume":"16","author":"chawla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29498-8_17"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Handling imbalanced datasets: A review","volume":"30","author":"kotsiantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"The GESTS International Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101430"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/enfan.1995.2144"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10919-009-0076-z"},{"key":"ref24","author":"friesen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Emfacs-7 Emotional Facial Action Coding System"},{"key":"ref23","author":"ekman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Facial Action Coding System A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Movement"},{"key":"ref26","author":"grd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Two-dimensional face image classification for distinguishing children from adults based on anthropometry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.4237"}],"event":{"name":"2017 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)","location":"Austin, TX, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]}},"container-title":["2017 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8016526\/8025186\/08025197.pdf?arnumber=8025197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T01:04:27Z","timestamp":1659402267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8025197\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/arso.2017.8025197","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}