{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:42:29Z","timestamp":1787906549503,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/bigdata62323.2024.10825119","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T18:31:23Z","timestamp":1737052283000},"page":"3815-3824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["FairLENS: Assessing Fairness in Law Enforcement Speech Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&#x0026;M University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Cusick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Laila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Puech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Spitzer-Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axon Enterprise, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915768117"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.725911"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-99429-7_14"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i13.26960"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7178964"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9747501"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/nist.ir.4930"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001968"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3132237"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"202","article-title":"Scaling up the accuracy of naive-bayes classifiers: A decision-tree hybrid","volume":"96","author":"Kohavi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kdd"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Statlog (german credit data) data set","volume":"53","author":"Hofmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"UCI Repository of Machine Learning Databases"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.425"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.277"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2868382"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65414-6_35"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00894"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Casual conversations v2: Designing a large consent-driven dataset to measure algorithmic bias and robustness","author":"Hazirbas","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"About age and sex","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/10-0036)"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"What the new census data shows about race depends on how you look at it","author":"Jin","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref21","author":"Potter","year":"2023","journal-title":"English language, Encyclopedia Britannica"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"12 449","article-title":"wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations","volume":"33","author":"Baevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177013817"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/54.3-4.487"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Distribution-free multiple comparisons","author":"Nemenyi","year":"1963"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Should we really use post-hoc tests based on mean-ranks?","volume-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research","volume":"17","author":"Benavoli","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Amazon web services transcribe","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Azure speech to text","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Deepgram","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Google cloud speech-to-text","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Rev\u2019s speech-to-text apis","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Truleo","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"28 492","article-title":"Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Radford"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Practical nonparametric statistics","volume":"350","author":"Conover","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5931-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1967.10500917"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00178"}],"event":{"name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","location":"Washington, DC, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}},"container-title":["2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10824975\/10824942\/10825119.pdf?arnumber=10825119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T07:45:26Z","timestamp":1737099926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10825119\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/bigdata62323.2024.10825119","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]}}}