{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:27:47Z","timestamp":1780500467840,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2008.4564481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,17]],"date-time":"2008-07-17T20:13:56Z","timestamp":1216325636000},"page":"88-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":369,"title":["Inter-vehicle communication systems: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mihail","family":"Sichitiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kihl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1998.686066"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPMC.2002.1088178"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"AdTorrent: Digital Billboards for Vehicular Networks","author":"nandan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int'l Wksp Vehicle-to-Vehicle Commun"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2000.898399"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.250509"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-090X(00)00021-8"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"576","article-title":"Experimental System of 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Band Inter-Vehicle Communications Based CSMA Method","author":"shiraki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symp"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011258622298"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2005.853704"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Dynamic Packet Size Selection for 802.11 Inter-Vehicular Video Communications","author":"bucciol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int'l Wksp Vehicle-to-Vehicle Commun"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.26"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2004.842407"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023884"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1252800"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2000.898398"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.868154"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023877"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Protocol for Cooperative Collision Warning","author":"yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 1st Annu Int Conf Mobile and Ubiquitous Syst Netw and Services"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031483.1031487"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1991.140568"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2003","journal-title":"Standard Specification for Telecomunications and Information Exchange Between Roadside and Vehicle Systems ? 5 GHz Band Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2004.5342238"},{"key":"ref50","author":"tanenbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.972167"},{"key":"ref154","year":"0"},{"key":"ref153","year":"0"},{"key":"ref156","year":"0","journal-title":"Car2Car Communication Consortium"},{"key":"ref155","year":"0"},{"key":"ref150","year":"0","journal-title":"A Zero Infrastructure Traffic Information System"},{"key":"ref152","article-title":"Drive-Thru Internet: IEEE 802.11b for Automobile Users","author":"ott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc IEEE INFOCOM '04"},{"key":"ref151","year":"0","journal-title":"The Drive-Thru Internet Project"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2003.1207130"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2000.898395"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"193","article-title":"A Sideways-Looking Radar for Inter-Vehicle Communication: DEM02000","author":"watanabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int'l Vehicle Elect Conf"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2004.1399060","article-title":"Provision of an Emergency Warning System Through GPRS: Performance Evaluation","author":"masini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 7th IEEE Int'l Conf Intelligent Transportation Sys"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2004.1390511"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2002.802929"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"2019","article-title":"An Anti-Carcollision System Using GPS and 5.8GHz Inter-Vehicle Communication at an Off-Sight Intersection","author":"morioka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc 52nd IEEE VTC"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080770"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080769"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"229","article-title":"On the Suitability of 802.11a\/RA for High-Mobility DSRC","author":"sibecas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 55th IEEE VTC"},{"key":"ref53","year":"1999","journal-title":"Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band"},{"key":"ref52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Wireless Lan Medium Access Control (Mac) and Physical Layer (Phy) Specification"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Manufacturing Tolerance Study of Highly Directive W-Band Antennas for Automotive radar and Vehicle to Vehicle Communications","author":"metz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int'l Wksp Vehicle-to-Vehicle Commun"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"578","article-title":"Embedding MANETs in the Real World","author":"tschudin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 8th IFIP Int'l Conf Personal Wireless Commun"},{"key":"ref3","author":"luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"A survey of inter-vehicle communication"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.1996.566389"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.1993.697349"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VNIS.1994.396849"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"3414","article-title":"Implementation of Inter-Vehicle Communication System for Vehicle Platoon Experiments Via Testbed","author":"kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc SICE Annual Conf"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSTA.1998.726201"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.653073"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2004.825082"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2002","journal-title":"First Report and Order Before the Federal Communications Commission in the Matter of Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2000.898431"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1997.596331"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.660796"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICS.2003.1292633"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2004.1321001"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-com:20040572"},{"key":"ref127","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Spatially Aware Packet Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Inter-Vehicle Radio Networks","author":"tian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 6th IEEE Int'l Conf Intelligent Transportation Sys"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2003.1208967"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2006.1707422"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARES.2006.136"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WC-M.2006.250355"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCC.2004.1395087"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"92","article-title":"Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Network in Constrained Mobility Pattern","author":"sung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int'l Conf Wireless Networks"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"960","article-title":"Performance of UTRA TDD Ad Hoc and IEEE 802. 11 b in Vehicular Environments","author":"ebner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 57th IEEE VTC"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2004.1336363"},{"key":"ref70","year":"0","journal-title":"FleetNet"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080775"},{"key":"ref130","year":"0","journal-title":"Ns-2"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.806794"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.1999.797335"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WINE.0000028540.96160.8a"},{"key":"ref133","year":"0","journal-title":"SWAN"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-its:20055013"},{"key":"ref131","year":"0","journal-title":"QualNet"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080756"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080765"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080772"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023890"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2003.1284971"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2001.948826"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2004.1399905"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6979.969363"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"189","article-title":"The Performance of Medium Access Protocols for Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems","author":"plenge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Mobile Kommun"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSTA.1998.722475"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2004.1336366"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023878"},{"key":"ref64","year":"2002","journal-title":"Part 15 1 Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)"},{"key":"ref140","first-page":"1","article-title":"PROMETHEUS-the European Research Programme for Optimising the Road Transport System in Europe","author":"williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc IEE Colloquium on Driver Info dig"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2004.1398999"},{"key":"ref141","year":"0","journal-title":"PATH"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPMC.2002.1088184"},{"key":"ref142","year":"0","journal-title":"Network on Wheels"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2000.881050"},{"key":"ref143","year":"0","journal-title":"Cartalk 2000 web site"},{"key":"ref68","year":"0"},{"key":"ref2","year":"0"},{"key":"ref144","first-page":"545","article-title":"CarTalk 2000: Safe and Comfortable Driving Based Upon Inter-Vehicle-Communication","author":"reichardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symp"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/501416.501428"},{"key":"ref1","year":"0"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2004.1336415"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2004.1368835"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2005.1421912"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25969-5_59","article-title":"Optimized Dissemination of Alarm Messages in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET)","author":"benslimane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 7th IEEE Int'l Conf High Speed Networks and Multimedia Commun"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2005.008022"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC.2001.956576"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2003.1212900"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/501449.501451"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/263876.263885"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"2840","article-title":"An Optimized Adaptive Broadcast Scheme for Intervehicle Communicatiorn","author":"alshaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 61st VTC"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"Gateway Management for Vehicle to Vehicle Communication","author":"wakikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int'l Wksp Vehicle-to-Vehicle Commun"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2004.01.024"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2005.1520040"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2005.1424866"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2003.1208832"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2005.1424765"},{"key":"ref112","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Performance Measurements of a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network","author":"m\ufffdske","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 59th IEEE VTC"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ANSS.2006.43"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2003.1212901"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2005.1520064"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345953"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2005.1505168"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"313","article-title":"Histogram and Integral Based Evaluation of an Experimental Inter Vehicle Communication Trial","author":"matharand","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc 43rd IEEE VTC"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"145","article-title":"A New Cooperative Optimized Channel Access for Intervehicle Communication","author":"kaltwasser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigat Inf Syst Conf"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.69979"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00013-1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSA.1999.749281"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2004.838218"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2005.1505119"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.72"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"279","article-title":"GPS-based Message Broadcasting for Inter-Vehicle Communication","author":"sun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 52nd Veh Technol Conf"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.925681"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2000.899077"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2003.1207140"},{"key":"ref18","year":"0","journal-title":"Shift Home Page"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.967595"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECWT.2005.1617682"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-3297-5","author":"hofmann-wellenhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Global Positioning System Theory and Practice"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1055959.1055970"},{"key":"ref114","year":"0","journal-title":"GnuRadio website"},{"key":"ref113","year":"0","journal-title":"Mica2 Wireless Measurement System"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/513800.513825"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2000.851400"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2005.1495001"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"An Optimized TCP for Internet Access of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","author":"bechler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Networking 2005"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"660","article-title":"Implementation of Geocast-Enhanced AODV-Bis Routing Protocol in MANET","author":"ooi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conf"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.932702"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080754.1080759"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WC-M.2006.250353"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.760423"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3561"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2002.1041301"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"434","article-title":"Inter-vehicle P2P Communication Experimental On-Board Terminal","author":"nishida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Consum Commun Networking Conf"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/9739\/4564474\/04564481.pdf?arnumber=4564481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T20:17:51Z","timestamp":1638217071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4564481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2008.4564481","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}