{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:05:36Z","timestamp":1772042736754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["DEC-2013\/11\/B\/ST7\/01168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2013\/11\/B\/ST7\/01168"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2016.2553178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T18:41:27Z","timestamp":1460486487000},"page":"1861-1886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Cichon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Kliks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Bogucka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070391"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-014-9887-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4481339"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5783984"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTEL.2013.6632148"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685772"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.021414.00066"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.111412.00160"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-28"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090109"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2013017","article-title":"Performance evaluation of cognitive radios: Metrics, utility functions, and methodology","volume":"97","author":"zhao","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7180526"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6272419"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implementing TV White Spaces"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2011","journal-title":"1900 6-2011----IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE 1900 6 Working Group on Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE 802 22 Working Group on Wireless Regional Area Networks Enabling Rural Broadband Wireless Access Using Cognitive Radio Technology in TV Whitespaces"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2014","journal-title":"1900 6-2014—Amendment 1 Procedures Protocols and Data Archive Enhanced Interfaces"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2009.2020576"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.22"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2008.931648"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2009.4752688"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.crowncom.2011.245902"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.13.110594"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2011.6157436"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-46"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1161252.1161256"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.012413.120975"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070502"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.121017"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.080611.102189"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6654933"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-012-0519-4"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2012.6503674"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914882"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2013.6692201"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2012.6214462"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2007.415"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070941"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Review of contemporary spectrum sensing technologies","author":"pucker","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Sensing techniques for cognitive radio-state of the art and trends","author":"nouget","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2015711"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2379924"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2010.12.003"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2014.7063522"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2516527"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2089477"},{"key":"ref162","first-page":"537","article-title":"A cluster-based energy efficient MAC protocol for multi-hop cognitive radio sensor networks","author":"xu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Global Commun Conf (GLOBECOM)"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WICOM.2009.5301709"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2010.5466680"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549771"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1234388.1234389"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2008.4562457"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549835"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.141205","article-title":"CAD-MAC: A channel-aggregation diversity based MAC protocol for spectrum and energy efficient cognitive ad hoc networks","volume":"32","author":"ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"135","article-title":"Vietnam spectrum occupancy measurements and analysis for cognitive radio applications","author":"bao","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Adv Technol Commun (ATC)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2361074"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2011.5936195"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2012.2189977"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.092313.121625"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDECOM.2011.5738472"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2006.254957"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2004.1399240"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2228680"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.071111.090349"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940902"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2183771"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542627"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I2MTC.2012.6229530"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.698"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.090350"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2011.2143010"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2013.2280810"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2009.5189147"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2342216"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.04.092464"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2007.415"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-142"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.130304"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.081913.121709"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTEL.2012.6482992"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.061097"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.120208"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364315"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2014.02.001"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"640","article-title":"A robust and energy efficient cooperative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks","volume":"1","author":"wang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 11th Int Conf Adv Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2331681"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.060962"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.102810.100650"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2039823"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"2502","article-title":"Optimization of collaborating secondary users in a cooperative sensing under noise uncertainty","author":"ma","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 24th Int Symp Pers Indoor Mobile Radio Commun (PIMRC)"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2012.6214160"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiCom.2008.310"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2008.51"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/29.17574"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"90","article-title":"Mobility-aware, correlation-based node grouping and selection for cooperative spectrum sensing","volume":"2014","author":"cicho?","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Telecommun Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2170978"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2009.5188980"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2013.6666204"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2012.6335312"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMSAP.2009.5413246"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2010.2051327"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2005.853304"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ccnc08.2007.223"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2012.073112.120450"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2010.2041581"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2204737"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc.2011.5963004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEMC.1998.750342"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.11"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2240900"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Cisco visual networking index: Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2014–2019","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2422735"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2015.2437879"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2380998"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.031813.121135"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.032511.00097"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2011.2175699"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2013.0037"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.060869"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPT.2009.5377675"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.26"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2006.884574"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.030713.00189"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.853882","article-title":"Energy-constrained modulation optimization","volume":"4","author":"cui","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"372","article-title":"Energy-constrained modulation optimization for coded systems","volume":"1","author":"cui","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Global Telecommun Conf (GLOBECOM)"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.1315"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.140301"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.062113.130759"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.092311.00031"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2015.7185079"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey of sensor selection schemes in wireless sensor networks","author":"rowaihy","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc SPIE Defense Secur Symp Conf Unattended Ground Sea Air Sensor Technol Appl IX"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Environmental engineering (EE) energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive radio simulation based on spectrum occupancy measurements at one site in Brazil","author":"de lima","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S Int Microwave Optoelectronics Conf (IMOC)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VITAE.2013.6617059"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2364316"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"42","article-title":"DVB-T channels measurements for the deployment of outdoor REM databases","volume":"2014","author":"kliks","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Telecommun Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.788210"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOMUC.1999.819467"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2011.2173612"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for software defined radio","author":"mitola","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2011.5779453"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NSWCTC.2010.62"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.839380"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2245659"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"A context-aware decision making framework for cognitive and coexisting networking environments","author":"triantafyllopoulou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 19th Eur Wireless Conf (EW)"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.641"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2011.6134342"},{"key":"ref19","year":"0","journal-title":"In the Matter of Unlicensed Operation in the TV Broadcast Bands Second Memorandum Opinion and Order"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914880"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.734501"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2009.6391387"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2008.4672154"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6288685"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.899103"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.070213.120570"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.111510.00108"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2143870"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.885983"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2032585"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2010.5709679"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.12.081710"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2009.5062155"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2010.2053017"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/iel7\/9739\/7548084\/07451196.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/7548084\/07451196.pdf?arnumber=7451196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:26:18Z","timestamp":1642004778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7451196\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2016.2553178","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}