{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:31:30Z","timestamp":1784172690083,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Langley Professor Program from the National Institute of Aerospace"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005618","name":"North Carolina Space Grant under New Investigator Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX10A168H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX10A168H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006196","name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2016.2564990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T18:25:01Z","timestamp":1462818301000},"page":"2442-2473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["Survey of Inter-Satellite Communication for Small Satellite Systems: Physical Layer to Network Layer View"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Radhika","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William W.","family":"Edmonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Afghah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon Martinez","family":"Rodriguez-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Burleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"EDSN: A large swarm of advanced yet very affordable, COTS-based nanosats that enable multipoint physics and open source apps","author":"cockrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 26th Ann AIAA\/USU Conf Small Sat"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2012.05.029"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2004.09.030"},{"key":"ref32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Observation Resources"},{"key":"ref31","year":"2014","journal-title":"ELISA"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Space Agency"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intersatellite links: Lower layer protocols for autonomous constellations","author":"kusza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc 1st Joint Space Internet Workshop"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2006.277130"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic identification of applications for a cluster of femto-satellites","author":"sundaramoorthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 61st Int Astronaut Congr"},{"key":"ref34","year":"0","journal-title":"ESA Navipedia"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Observation Resources"},{"key":"ref27","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNES News"},{"key":"ref29","year":"2014","journal-title":"QB50"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed computing architecture for small satellite and multi-spacecraft missions","author":"palmintier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 16th Annu AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellites (SSC)"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2014","journal-title":"NASA"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Observation Resources"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Space Daily"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"ESSAIM cluster disposal:Orbit management","author":"fr\u00e9meaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc SpaceOps Conf"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542628"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNES"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.01.001"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Observation Resources"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.873"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4304\/jcm.7.4.290-308"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Precision formation flying: The CanX-4 and CanX-5 dual nanosatellite mission","author":"orr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 21st Annu AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"GAMANET, building the largest inter-satellite link ever","author":"pinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 4S Symp Small Satell Syst Services"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-steering antenna arrays for distributed picosatellite networks","author":"murakami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 17th Annu AIAA\/Utah State Univ Small Satellites Conf"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.033110.00072"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2014.7011023"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Satellite link design: A tutorial","volume":"11","author":"atayero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Elect Comp Sci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/509508"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enabling inter-satellite communication and ranging for small satellites","author":"sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 4S Symp Small Satell Syst Services"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AHS.2006.34"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orbital Sciences Co-Operation"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Space"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planet Labs"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2014","journal-title":"NanoRacks"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pumpkin Inc"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards the next generation of nanosatellite communication systems","author":"de milliano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 59th Int Astronautical Congr"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skybox"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aviation Week"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2010.5447031"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2001.931275"},{"key":"ref48","author":"wertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Space Mission Analysis and Design"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Spectrum requirements and allocation survey report and recommendations","author":"edwards","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2012.04.029"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2014","journal-title":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSCON.2015.7116833"},{"key":"ref43","author":"tanenbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jitn.2013070102"},{"key":"ref72","author":"bed","year":"2014","journal-title":"OPNET"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2014","journal-title":"In AGI"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AHS.2008.61"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Global educational network for satellite operations (GENSO)","author":"levenque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 21st Annu AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref77","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Space Agency"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1","article-title":"The performance evaluation of distributed inter-satellite communication protocols for cube satellite systems","author":"radhakishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 4th Design Develop Res Conf"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM.2010.5640977"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"21","article-title":"Potentials and limitations of CDMA networks for combined inter-satellite communication and relative navigation","volume":"5","author":"sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int'l J Advances in Telecomm"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Characterizing network architecture for inter-satellite communication and relative navigation in precise formation flying","author":"sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc SPACOMM 3rd Int Conf Adv Satellite Space Commun"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"The design of the communication and telemetry system used by the ionospheric observation nanosatellite formation mission","author":"chandrasekaran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Together in space: Potentials and challenges of distributed space systems","author":"gill","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.02369"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2013.6496947"},{"key":"ref64","author":"kaykin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor Networks"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470937464"},{"key":"ref66","author":"agarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2008.4526248"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470443521","author":"zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks A Networking Perspective"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Miniaturized Satellite"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841224"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Small spacecraft technology state of the art","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:20020505","article-title":"security issues for downloaded code in mobile phones","volume":"14","author":"babb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"53","article-title":"Delay tolerant networks on vehicle-to-vehicle cognitive wireless communication with satellite system for disaster information system in a Coastal City","volume":"1","author":"uchida","year":"2013","journal-title":"IT Convergence PRActice (INPRA)"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AHS.2014.6880174"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1204759"},{"key":"ref107","year":"2015","journal-title":"M3MSat"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"111","article-title":"A new routing algorithm of two-tier LEO\/MEO mobile satellite communication systems","author":"di","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Asia-Pac Conf Commun"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2010.032910.00019"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"161","article-title":"A distributed multipath routing strategy for LEO satellite networks","volume":"14","author":"zihe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tamkang J Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref105","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vulcan Wireless SDR Products"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.912605"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Software defined radios for small satellites","author":"lynaugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"ReSpace\/MAPLD Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"522","article-title":"A destruction-resistant dynamic routing algorithm for LEO\/MEO satellite networks","author":"li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Comput Inf Technol (CIT)"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.04.001"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2013.6760385"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"172","article-title":"Software defined radios for small satellites","author":"maheshwarappa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc NASA\/ESA Conf Adapt Hardw Syst"},{"key":"ref112","year":"2015","journal-title":"SWIFT"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advanced wireless communications technologies for low power, reconfigurable small satellite radios","author":"tompkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 8th Annual AIAA\/USU Conf on Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4481339"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"19","article-title":"User datagram and bundle protocol for distributed small satellite topologies","volume":"3","author":"muri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wireless Commun and Net"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1031"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cooltools"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/4.989223"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2013","journal-title":"EPFL Swisscube"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimal multiple access protocol for inter-satellite communication in small satellite systems","author":"radhakrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 4S Symp"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSEE.2015.7392985"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03321176"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Communications and Navigation Systems Roadmap—Technology Area 05","author":"rush","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref82","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISADS.2009.5207326"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSEE.2013.6737551"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2012.6187334"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"PROXIMITY-1 space link protocol—Data link layer","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2014.130180"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planetary Society"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2012.6348155"},{"key":"ref113","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrum Software Defined Radio"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUC.2011.28"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"24","article-title":"Design of a patch antenna array for communication between cubesats","author":"fueyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 1st IAA Conf Univ Satell Missions CubeSat Workshop"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wicom.2011.6040248"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2001.966264"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024648402306"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2004.08.006"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"153","article-title":"Satellite networks routing protocol issues and challenges: A survey","volume":"2","author":"rajanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Innov Res Comput Commun Eng"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/7748587\/07466793.pdf?arnumber=7466793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:20:47Z","timestamp":1642004447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7466793\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2016.2564990","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}