{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:54:25Z","timestamp":1775066065346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2017.2750201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T18:22:38Z","timestamp":1504894958000},"page":"132-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Waveforming: An Overview With Beamforming"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2195-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3703-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K. J. Ray","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2003.819629"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2016.7554445"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2002.1023324"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.924796","article-title":"Rate optimization for multiuser MIMO systems with linear processing","volume":"56","author":"shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2008.4595260"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2368999"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2021451"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.060848"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Report for optimization-based pinpoint beamforming","author":"zhang","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2427168"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2010.5513714"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.13.120855"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.815393"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/53.665"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2584051"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736746"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2362092"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2340817"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.031813.120224"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2165065"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004RS003193"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2052567"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2194009"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2009.0188"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.020413.110848","article-title":"Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems","volume":"61","author":"ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2004.1399123"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2005.849774"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2015.7418367"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.795811"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.092810.091092"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841224"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.821107"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.120312.120572"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.110918"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2359018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2012.051012.110531"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2015.7146002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2601283"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2308838"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2003.810646"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2003.809458"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2016.7906004"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1957.1097511"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.193904"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.243904"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2002.1040942"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/48.972122"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423233"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1995.495751"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1992.275924"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.156175"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.424648"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.883959"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2059057"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RWS.2006.1615203"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Channel division multiple access based on high UWB channel temporal resolution","author":"neto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Veh Technol Conf"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.060251"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2007.4392383"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2012.2234054"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2368695"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2005.1375235"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2007.574"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2007.4454761"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2281026"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.2371462"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.013114.130632"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2476457"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2524526"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.156174"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1989.67072"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2647224"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.75.4206"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472878"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2628701"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2663318"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7953299"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2500578"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2314654"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2397437"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2015.2506347"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/8302422\/08030327.pdf?arnumber=8030327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:22:58Z","timestamp":1642004578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8030327\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2017.2750201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}