{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:48:18Z","timestamp":1774630098156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":298,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61631020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61631020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Post-Doctoral Science Funded Project"},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Post-Doctoral Research Funds"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61401223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61401223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61522109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61522109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20140887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20140887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Research Council\u2019s Advance Fellow Grant Beam-Me-Up"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society\u2019s Wolfson Research Merit Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2017.2751058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T18:11:59Z","timestamp":1505153519000},"page":"150-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Spectrum Inference in Cognitive Radio Networks: Algorithms and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoru","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yutao","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yu-Dong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2636-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lajos","family":"Hanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2012.6201210"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2016.7848887"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2078691"},{"key":"ref276","first-page":"61","article-title":"Big data","volume":"90","author":"mcafee","year":"2012","journal-title":"The management revolution Harvard Bus Review"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2493526"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2011.01.021"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6211495"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7510701"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.052213.00000"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2010.09.007"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.10.008"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2015.2453967"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.69","article-title":"Spectrum-aware mobility management in cognitive radio cellular networks","volume":"11","author":"lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2605958"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2017.04.005"},{"key":"ref178","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive radio spectrum evolution prediction using artificial neural networks based multivariate time series modelling","author":"taj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 11th Eur Wireless Conf Sustain Wireless Technol (Eur Wireless)"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"998","article-title":"Learning and adaptation in cognitive radios using neural networks","author":"baldo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Consum Commun Netw"},{"key":"ref169","article-title":"Neural networks: A comprehensive foundation","volume":"2","author":"haykin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2362796"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2401597"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.121112.00047"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.030713.00113"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.111412.00160"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2631080"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2012.0379"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2425040"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2160101"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.102313.00272"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2009.5191144"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2690866"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2363082"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2384024"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.122111.100603"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2016.150114"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2592921"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2007.04.003"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600444CM"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868008"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.70220\/z7rqbdms","article-title":"Using on-shore detected radar signal power for interference protection of off-shore radar receivers","author":"sanders","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.70220\/mnw17cfw","article-title":"Measurement procedures for the radar spectrum engineering criteria (RSEC)","author":"sanders","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref281","article-title":"Recent developments in artificial intelligence applications of deep learning for signal processing","author":"mcgwier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wireless Virginia Tech Symp"},{"key":"ref280","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning radio control and signal detection with KeRLym, a Gym RL agent","author":"o\u2019shea","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1605 09221"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-006-0059-1"},{"key":"ref184","first-page":"90","article-title":"Recent advances in particle swarm","volume":"1","author":"hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Congr Evol Comput"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IHMSC.2013.48"},{"key":"ref182","first-page":"34","article-title":"The &#x2018;echo state&#x2019; approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks-with an erratum note","author":"jaeger","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2009.932254"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.108"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT.2010.355"},{"key":"ref186","first-page":"106","article-title":"Efficient mining of partial periodic patterns in time series database","author":"han","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc 15th Int Conf Data Eng"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2183771"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2010.12.003"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2009.12.005"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2013.2251071"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.1017"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.04.001"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2013.6507399"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2364316"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2559525"},{"key":"ref278","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cooperative spectrum prediction in multi-PU multi-SU cognitive radio networks","author":"jing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Cogn Radio Oriented Wireless Netw Commun (CrownCom)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/381465"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2012.07.005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090109"},{"key":"ref293","year":"2017","journal-title":"WiSHFUL Project"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2322971"},{"key":"ref292","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of prediction accuracy for the Longley-rice model in the FM and TV bands","author":"lazaridis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IX Int Conf EATI"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.082713.00184"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-015-0297-2"},{"key":"ref294","year":"2017","journal-title":"CREW Project"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2012.6478137"},{"key":"ref296","year":"2017","journal-title":"FARAMIR project"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2012.6478126"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080763"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2007.070409"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2007.361604"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2007.4300983"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.28.1.1"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSN.2013.48"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB.2015.7177260"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00023-X"},{"key":"ref290","year":"2017","journal-title":"NATO SfP Project ORCA"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2010.5453870"},{"key":"ref147","article-title":"Efficient decoding of high-order hidden Markov models","author":"engelbrecht","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1997.0037"},{"key":"ref149","article-title":"A study and implementation of speech recognition system for mobile communication terminals (in Chinese)","author":"chen","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref289","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spectrum monitoring scheme for filter bank based cognitive radios","author":"ihalainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Future Netw Mobile Summit"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEMC.1998.750342"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.021111.00064"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Report of the spectrum efficiency working group","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2481722"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2677082"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2387697"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.021414.00066"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2661861"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2504408"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2009.5198636"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMS.2013.8"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICSYN.2013.68"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECC.2011.6066613"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2010.5502348"},{"key":"ref162","first-page":"25","article-title":"Spectrum behavior learning in cognitive radio based on artificial neural network","author":"yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Mil Commun Conf"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"128","article-title":"&#x2018;Soft decision&#x2019; spectrum prediction based on back-propagation neural networks","author":"bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Comput Manag Telecommun (ComManTel)"},{"key":"ref160","first-page":"4017","article-title":"Multilayer feedforward neural network based efficient spectrum occupancy prediction scheme for cognitive radio system","volume":"10","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4481339"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.839380"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192583699"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2452532"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2009.2036259"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6829969"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77477-8_11"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.111510.00108"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"93","article-title":"A learning automata based spectrum prediction technique for cognitive radio networks","volume":"2","author":"golestanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Educ"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.536-537.430"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177170"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2422735"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.122211.00162"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2693965"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2380998"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.032511.00097"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2631079"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-011-0372-x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2208211"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2008.39"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549835"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.26"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Dublin Ireland spectrum occupancy measurements collected on April 16-18, 2007","author":"erpek","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2009.5450192"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2010.5457871"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2008.4562457"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2009.5073544"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2010.5494056"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.CROWNCOM2010.9220"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.70220\/p4bz0361","article-title":"Broadband spectrum survey at San Diego, California","author":"sanders","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Spectrum occupancy measurements: Chicago, Illinois, November 16-18, 2005","author":"mchenry","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-com:20040653(410) 151"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"9","article-title":"Analysis and comparison of spectrum measurements performed in urban and rural areas to determine the total amount of spectrum usage","author":"petrin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Adv Radio Technol (ISART)"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Maximizing the utility of radio spectrum: Broadband spectrum measurements and occupancy model for use by cognitive radio","author":"petrin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1234388.1234389"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SDR.2006.4286323"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549771"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2007.618"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Spectrum occupancy measurements: Loring commerce centre, limestone, Maine September 18-20, 2007","author":"erpek","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref197","author":"pearl","year":"1988","journal-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems Networks of Plausible Inference"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683361"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2017.2717702"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2010.5502586"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2014-17"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2187521"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2010.2091405"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2007.342884"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.101810.100433"},{"key":"ref190","first-page":"556","article-title":"Frequency spectrum access mechanism of cognitive radio based on spectrum prediction","author":"ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IET Int Conf Commun Technol Appl (ICCTA)"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2011.6140056"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2008.287"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2008.19"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2101090"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2009.03.001"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.01.081701"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2628776"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2593421"},{"key":"ref96","author":"papoulis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Probability random variables and stochastic processes"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(80)90036-0"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2011.5936195"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2011.5936272"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Broadband spectrum survey measurements for cognitive radio applications","volume":"21","author":"urban","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.crowncom.2012.248307"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.crowncom.2011.245857"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1827-2_2"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2013.177"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT.2014.6845121"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.1619"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN.2016.7785179"},{"key":"ref200","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive radio spectrum prediction using dictionary learning","author":"kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Global Communication Conf (GLOBECOM)"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2008.05.001"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2010.5502787"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2693384"},{"key":"ref203","first-page":"645","article-title":"A novel spectrum handoff management scheme based on SVM in cognitive radio networks","author":"guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int ICST Conf Commun Netw China (CHINACOM)"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2014.26003"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.3837\/tiis.2013.09.002","article-title":"A novel prediction-based spectrum allocation mechanism for mobile cognitive radio networks","volume":"7","author":"wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"KSII Trans Internet Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/395212"},{"key":"ref207","first-page":"317","article-title":"A prediction approach for MAC layer sensing in cognitive radio networks","author":"shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IET Int Conf Wireless Mobile Multimedia Netw (ICWMMN)"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIOPT.2009.5291568"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WTS.2010.5479659"},{"key":"ref206","first-page":"1","article-title":"Time series ARIMA model of spectrum occupancy for cognitive radio","author":"wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"IET Seminar on Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Radios Technologies and Techniques"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust spectral-temporal two-dimensional spectrum prediction","author":"ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc EAI Int Conf Mach Learn Intell Commun (MLICOM)"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2014.7032338"},{"key":"ref212","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficient TV white space database construction via spectrum sensing and spatial inference","author":"tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Perform Comput Commun Conf (IPCCC)"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2627243"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2576286"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-016-0355-x"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2012.6245969"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-6180-2013-9"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2012.6489183"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-015-9438-6"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-009-0352-5"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WOCC.2011.5872285"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2013.09.009"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2015.7391770"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2015.7391772"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2015.7343323"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2015.7378129"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACI.2015.7184784"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLC.2007.4370752"},{"key":"ref223","first-page":"313","article-title":"A novel spectrum prediction algorithm for cognitive radio system based on chaotic neural network?","volume":"9","author":"xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7158283"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2009.5062023"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTEL.2008.4652715"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCNW.2008.8"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WICOM.2009.5302514"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614235.1614250"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2007.332"},{"key":"ref133","author":"proakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Digital Signal Processing Principles Algorithms and Applications"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.843185"},{"key":"ref131","author":"hanzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Voice and Audio Compression for Wireless Communications"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470519929","author":"hanzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Video Compression and Communications From Basics To H 261 H 263 H 264 MPEG4 For DVB and HSDPA-Style Adaptive Turbo-Transceivers"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOFTCOM.2016.7772181"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMOB.2016.7763231"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2016.7568528"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2016.7503864"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6384456"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2016.7752600"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FGCT.2015.7393278"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2016.7751715"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2016.7752555"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2016.7752645"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LANMAN.2011.6076943"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.891421"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiAd.2011.5983313"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614235.1614250"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISETC.2012.6408051"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2009.4912868"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2012.6380906"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2013.6666207"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.072513.121864","article-title":"Spectrum sensing using a hidden bivariate Markov model","volume":"12","author":"thao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for software defined radio","author":"mitola","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177699147"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Notice of proposed rule making and order","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref241","article-title":"Office of engineering and technology authorizes TV white space database administrators to provide service to unlicensed devices operating on unused TV spectrum nationwide","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.241"},{"key":"ref243","article-title":"System architecture for information exchange between different geo-location databases (GLDBs) enabling the operation of white space devices (WSDs)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref244","article-title":"Interference and dynamic spectrum access","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref240","year":"2010","journal-title":"FCC Adopts Rules for Unlicensed Use of Television White Spaces"},{"key":"ref248","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google Spectrum Database"},{"key":"ref247","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spectrum"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-014-0287-5"},{"key":"ref245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developing forward thinking rules and processes to fully exploit spectrum resources: Case study exploring approaches for real-time federal spectrum sharing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 13th Annu Int Symp Adv Radio Technol"},{"key":"ref249","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsoft Research Whitespacefinder"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCNW.2009.5172946"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2006.302405"},{"key":"ref107","author":"abramowitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas Graphs and Mathematical Tables"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2010.5506438"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2007.358851"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1234388.1234402"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2009.4917558"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CMC.2010.342"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2012.09.004"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2008.48"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"491","article-title":"Detecting, tracking, and exploiting spectrum opportunities in unslotted primary systems","author":"zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Radio Wireless Symp"},{"key":"ref250","year":"2010","journal-title":"White Space Database-Capitalize on Dynamic Spectrum Access Opportunities"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"1","article-title":"Radio environment map enabled situation-aware cognitive radio learning algorithms","author":"zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of Software Defined Radio Technical Forum"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7180526"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2517001"},{"key":"ref252","article-title":"Enabling cognitive radios through radio environment maps","author":"zhao","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685772"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914882"},{"key":"ref256","article-title":"Radio environmental maps (REMs): A cognitive tool for environmental awareness","author":"sayrac","year":"0"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7249550"},{"key":"ref10","author":"manyika","year":"2011","journal-title":"Big Data The Next Frontier for Innovation Competition and Productivity"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2015710"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2442571"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.122212.111638"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2116051"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2008.34"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2014.2315040"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.283"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.131114"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2013.6566941"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2013.6555308"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.128","article-title":"Mining spectrum usage data: A large-scale spectrum measurement study","volume":"11","author":"yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc.2011.5963505"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2010.5506443"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2009.932543"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-075067952-7\/50012-X"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"115","article-title":"Applying radio environment maps to cognitive wireless regional area networks","author":"zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"Capacity of cognitive radio networks","author":"goldsmith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Principles of Cognitive Radio Networks"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.031914.00078"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2016.01.003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542632"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6815896"},{"key":"ref261","author":"johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Advanced High-Frequency Radio Communications"},{"key":"ref262","author":"johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Third-Generation and Wideband HF Radio Communications"},{"key":"ref263","author":"wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research and Development of HF Digital Communications (in Chinese)"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2009.0060"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2009.0054"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA.2010.162"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/8302422\/08031332.pdf?arnumber=8031332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T17:51:18Z","timestamp":1750873878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8031332\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":298,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2017.2751058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}