{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:22:22Z","timestamp":1775139742992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61725101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61725101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L161009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L161009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L172020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L172020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFE0200900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFE0200900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005023","name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS2018ZZ006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS2018ZZ006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005023","name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS2017ZT008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS2017ZT008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2018.2865724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T18:38:49Z","timestamp":1534444729000},"page":"10-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":359,"title":["The Design and Applications of High-Performance Ray-Tracing Simulation Platform for 5G and Beyond Wireless Communications: A Tutorial"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0917-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danping","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Longhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Zhangdui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fcrner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2669980"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2016.7881087"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2013.6692506"},{"key":"ref174","article-title":"METIS channel models (D1.4)","author":"raschkowski","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUWB.2008.4653341"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1980.1142396"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"3084","article-title":"A ray tracing based stochastic human blockage model for the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model","author":"jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 5th Eur Conf Antennas Propag (EUCAP)"},{"key":"ref178","year":"2012","journal-title":"Propagation Data and Prediction Methods for the Planning of Indoor Radiocommunication Systems and Radio Local Area Networks in the Frequency Range 900 MHz to 100 GHz"},{"key":"ref177","year":"2013","journal-title":"Effects of Building Materials and Structures on Radiowave Propagation Above About 100 MHz"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"985","article-title":"A novel method for radio propagation simulation based on automatic 3D environment reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"he","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"ref169","article-title":"Digital mobile radio towards future generation systems","author":"damosso","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.011113.121535"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2012.6362637"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.SUP.0513039"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"885","article-title":"A nonstationary wideband MIMO channel model for high-mobility intelligent transportation systems","volume":"16","author":"ghazal","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2428731"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6393523"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2012.6503983"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080753"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-advanced","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2274618"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIMW.2005.1572681"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2011.2176746"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2465848"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2434384"},{"key":"ref183","first-page":"102","article-title":"Development of complex relative permittivity measurement system based on free-space in 220–330-GHz range","volume":"5","author":"tosaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans THz Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.650196"},{"key":"ref189","article-title":"Spatial channel model for MIMO simulations (release 6)","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2013.000103"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2005.1651504"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UCMMT.2013.6641517"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2310220"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2710758"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2014.6901713"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.010413.120620"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328111"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2005.1543924"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7295467"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"WINNER II channel models, D 1.1.2 v.1.2","author":"ky\u00f6sti","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470748077.ch3"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1966.1138719"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2282952"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1984.1143311"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2628795"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.103807"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.1991.175146"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2012.6206198"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778803","article-title":"OptiX: A general purpose ray tracing engine","volume":"29","author":"parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.96"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2415036"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1230100.1230129"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWITS.2010.5611922"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01064.x"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2604021"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.901880"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2009.5352420"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6965865"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUPC.1998.732797"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"28 GHz channel modeling using 3D ray-tracing in urban environments","author":"hur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc of the European Conf on Antennas and Propag (EuCAP)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2015.7390862"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2014.7136164"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2018","journal-title":"Working Party 5D (WP 5D)—IMT Systems"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz (release 14)","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2666882"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2009.2021870","article-title":"Propagation modeling and measurement for a multifloor stairwell","volume":"8","author":"lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.864"},{"key":"ref167","first-page":"261","author":"machidon","year":"2016","journal-title":"3D Reconstruction as a Service - Applications in Virtual Cultural Heritage"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2266036"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.832995"},{"key":"ref164","year":"2017","journal-title":"ECMA-404 The JSON Data Interchange Syntax"},{"key":"ref163","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forsk Aster"},{"key":"ref162","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forsk CrossWave"},{"key":"ref161","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remcom Wireless Insite"},{"key":"ref160","year":"2018","journal-title":"SIRADEL Volcano"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP.2017.7928437"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2508442"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2705148"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2599113"},{"key":"ref159","year":"2018","journal-title":"EDX Advanced Propagation"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"A testbed for experimenting 5G-V2X requiring ultra reliability and low-latency","author":"cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc of International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.791954"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7833459"},{"key":"ref157","year":"2018","journal-title":"Altair WinProp"},{"key":"ref158","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ranplan Professional"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2525418"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.686780"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Comparison of GTD and FDTD predictions for UHF radio wave propagation in a simple outdoor urban environment","volume":"3","author":"schuster","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag Soc Int Symp Dig"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1974.9651"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"575","author":"corucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wireless Propagation Modeling by Using Ray-Tracing"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.081560"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6966234"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470544631"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2014.0442"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2013.212"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"3448","article-title":"Coupling a deterministic propagation model with diffuse scattering and urban furniture for small cells","author":"gougeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 5th Eur Conf Antennas Propag (EUCAP)"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2016.7481249"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2015.2498645"},{"key":"ref73","author":"seto","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref72","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"409","article-title":"Statistical channel model for 60 GHz WLAN systems in conference room environment","volume":"20","author":"maltsev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"2565","article-title":"Measurement and simulation of the bistatic radar cross section of traffic signs for Vehicle-to-X communications","author":"guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc of the European Conf on Antennas and Propag (EuCAP)"},{"key":"ref70","author":"maltsev","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2844091"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2014.6902134"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2308518"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2476335"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"741","article-title":"A stochastic channel model for future wireless THz data centers","author":"peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Wireless Commun Syst (ISWCS)"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2599488"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1705237"},{"key":"ref134","year":"2016","journal-title":"Attenuation in Vegetation"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7833457"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013RS005290"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2317803"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.67.107"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394431"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2012.6205808"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"Heuristic ray shooting algorithms","author":"havran","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356789.356797"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.072313.121581"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"5","article-title":"Realtime ray tracing and its use for interactive global illumination","volume":"1","author":"wald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc of Eurographics State-of-the-art Report"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2017.2720962"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2196942"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2015.7343335"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2365991"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2014.6902256"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.1999.797281"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015RS005659"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RT.2008.4634637"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.041612.102335"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RT.2007.4342591"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2574851"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1992.276436"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2527364"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1993.507111"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Technical feasibility of IMT in bands above 6 GHz","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2570126"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"IMT vision—Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1977.1141667"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.7201"},{"key":"ref108","author":"bertoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1985.1143687"},{"key":"ref190","article-title":"Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system, deliverable D1.1","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2421949"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.7210"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"1907","article-title":"Calibration of ray-tracing simulator for millimeter-wave outdoor communications","author":"wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Antennas Propag USNC\/URSI Nat Radio Sci Meeting"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"1","article-title":"A three-dimensional time-varying channel model for 5G indoor dual-mobility channels","author":"nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Veh Technol Conf (VTC-Fall)"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.997998"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1971.1139895"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.982446"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2275912"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.884489"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1953.274401"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.97368"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.933491"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.888422"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1984.1143190"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"25","article-title":"A uniform asymptotic theory of electromagnetic diffraction by a curved wedge","volume":"ap 24","author":"lee","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143864"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.752986"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19991228","article-title":"improved diffraction coefficients for lossy dielectric wedges","volume":"35","author":"remley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electronics Letters"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-010-0078-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2698780"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-013-0014-3"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-9144-x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2532458"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2008.0194"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISAPE.2016.7834001"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6829967"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2359478"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ray-tracing for mobile communications","author":"kn\u00f6rzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc WFMN"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736761"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2782268"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2014.6882306"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2164182"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2018","journal-title":"CLOUD"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2583423"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2004.831317"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2362115"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2194683"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2018","journal-title":"GEMV2I"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.916893"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling scattered EM field from a periodic building facade","author":"lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Antennas Propag Soc Int Symp"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.52.000116"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"301","author":"lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radio Propagation Modeling A Unified View of the Ray-Tracing Image Method Across Emerging Indoor and Outdoor Environments"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2004.823493"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scattering from single isolated tree based on physical optics: Preliminary model","author":"kvicera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc of the European Conf on Antennas and Propag (EuCAP)"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Influence analysis of typical objects in rural railway environments at 28 GHz","author":"he","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APUSNCURSINRSM.2017.8072751"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2453991"},{"key":"ref88","author":"glassner","year":"1989","journal-title":"An Introduction to Ray Tracing"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/8649699\/08438326.pdf?arnumber=8438326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T17:46:10Z","timestamp":1683308770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8438326\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2018.2865724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}