{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1792433284337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":230,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1718666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1718666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1731675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1731675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1910667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1910667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1910891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1910891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1839818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1839818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1717454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1717454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1731424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1731424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1702850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1702850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Toyota Motor North America"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61702258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61702258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2020.3020854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T20:23:46Z","timestamp":1599078226000},"page":"2349-2377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Architectural Design Alternatives Based on Cloud\/Edge\/Fog Computing for Connected Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"BaekGyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8309-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7368833"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2013.6616115"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2299233"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2480004"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647854"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2407326"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2017.1600213NM"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2667499"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601144"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2012.6415878"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.052"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2010.2052019"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2009.5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7582302"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIST.2018.8596599"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2010.5594297"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900243"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC.2017.62"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2345396.2345422"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9128938"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394810.3394818"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNG.2015.155"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP-SmartWorld.2016.0055"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2011.6083087"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATNAC.2014.7020884"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2760281"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7588230"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600679"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPTELIX.2017.8003932"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601165"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INM.2015.7140467"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2008.4732652"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2293472"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.06.021"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700105"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2348688.2348699"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2017.8269039"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/URSIAP-RASC.2016.7601146"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2536627"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761551"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2015.2410341"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2012.6338610"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref51","year":"2016","journal-title":"Openfog architecture overview"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2769878"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700208"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2494017"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2013.2296513"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-014-0499-6"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2820679"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2013.6504250"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2013.128"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFEC.2017.17"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601150"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600371CM"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2012.05.023"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"4","article-title":"A survey of mobile cloud computing","volume":"9","author":"fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"ZTE Commun"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCT.2012.15"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.1203"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIS.2011.67"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.062613.00160"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2771153"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05029-4_7"},{"key":"ref40","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multi-Access Edge Computing-Standards for MEC&#x2013;ETSI"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.929219"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7563691"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2743821"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17427371111123577"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2714704"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.47"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17994-5_1"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800239"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2008.917435"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4511653"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080753"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2008.922881"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2101990"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2010.5502133"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2009.5361174"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2009.82"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"813","article-title":"Denial of service (DOS) attack and its possible solutions in VANET","volume":"4","author":"hasbullah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun Eng"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2094632"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2733225"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mobile-Edge Computing&#x2013;Introductory Technical White Paper"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2815989"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2019","journal-title":"ETSI Multi-Access Edge Computing Starts Second Phase and Renews Leadership Team"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mobile edge computing&#x2014;A key technology towards 5G","volume":"11","author":"hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ETSI White Paper"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenFog Consortium"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Edge Computing Initiative"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSACW.2013.72"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"50","article-title":"The NIST definition of cloud computing","volume":"53","author":"mell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Inst Standards Technol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2920341"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.009"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"48","article-title":"Mobile edge computing: A taxonomy","author":"beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Adv Future Internet"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.050"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3154815"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685434"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7476201"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.07.040"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2849509"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.10.005"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.09.020"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.06.124"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2682318"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2017.07.001"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.09.015"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.10.002"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2705720"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.906878"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996710"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803166"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013647"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700467"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7432169"},{"key":"ref196","first-page":"1","article-title":"VANETs security issues and challenges: A survey","volume":"9","author":"elsadig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21837-3_67"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GIOTS.2017.8016213"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2844681"},{"key":"ref93","author":"luan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fog Computing Focusing on Mobile Users at the Edge"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155517"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422226"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.02.009"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700333"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2611524"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2600504"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.008"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2814571"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2014.7033259"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757397"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2018.12.007"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.245"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677052"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2018.09.005"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2683200"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc2020010"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet.2016.43"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.10.021"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2678512"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"829","article-title":"A survey of vehicular ad hoc networks routing protocols","volume":"3","author":"altayeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Innov Appl Stud"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2007.912927"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2018.8401604"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736756"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2532863"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2561293"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2670859"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2827460"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudCom.2012.6427481"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15439\/2014F503"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MedHocNet.2012.6257116"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5936164"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2018.8319192"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.06.004"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2412774"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-0942-z"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7010536"},{"key":"ref216","first-page":"2036","article-title":"IEEE 802.11 p: Towards an international standard for wireless access in vehicular environments","author":"jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Veh Technol Conf (VTC)"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023877"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023890"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1859995.1860033"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.SUP.0513036"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1287748.1287752"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1161064.1161083"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2006.57"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2007.22"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023875.1023881"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5621979"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1161064.1161076"},{"key":"ref224","first-page":"1","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Std 1609 2-2006 1609 2-2006"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2009.4784943"},{"key":"ref127","year":"2019","journal-title":"Service Packages"},{"key":"ref126","year":"2019","journal-title":"Security Credential Management System (SCMS)"},{"key":"ref125","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wyoming DOT Connected Vehicle Project"},{"key":"ref124","year":"2019","journal-title":"NYC Connected Vehicle Project"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11030070"},{"key":"ref128","year":"2019","journal-title":"General Principle and Vision White Paper Version 2 1 0"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2750452"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917508"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards task scheduling in a cloud-fog computing system","author":"pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asia&#x2013;Pac Netw Oper Manag Symp (APNOMS)"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2591558"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2536441"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13174-010-0007-6"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPP.2015.59"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCChina.2016.7636838"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2211870"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2351612"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2009.5281251"},{"key":"ref140","first-page":"217","author":"othmane","year":"2015","journal-title":"A Survey of Security and Privacy in Connected Vehicles"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2011.6096957"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2011.10"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2655084"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2013.6692343"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2668838"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Driving Data to the Edge The Challenge of Traffic Distribution"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2509638"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4539481"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.02.017"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2440103"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2013.02.036"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.853"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2692240"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.12.023"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2468-4_10"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.101912.00184"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.061411.00019"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"IVHW: An inter-vehicle hazard warning system concept within the DEUFRAKO program","author":"chevreuil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc E-Safety Congr Exhibition"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2017.07.004"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC.2013.6737583"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOVE.2007.4300817"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Vehicle-to-vehicle communications: Readiness of V2V technology for application","author":"harding","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2989275.2989286"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DICTAP.2015.7113193"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700322"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2008.4544660"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2017.01.004"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5828-8_65"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.01.004"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2013.08.004"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"14","article-title":"Moving from vehicular cloud computing to vehicular fog computing: Issues and challenges","volume":"9","author":"menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"403","article-title":"Vehicular cloud computing: A survey","author":"gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Workshops)"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7054724"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2680660"},{"key":"ref122","year":"2019","journal-title":"Connected vehicle pilot deployment program"},{"key":"ref123","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/9739\/9265420\/9184917-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/9265420\/09184917.pdf?arnumber=9184917","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T16:59:12Z","timestamp":1651078752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9184917\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":230,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2020.3020854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}