{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:40:10Z","timestamp":1776181210036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":266,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002914","name":"Concordia University PERFORM Research Chair Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62002164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62002164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2023.3308717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:33:43Z","timestamp":1693852423000},"page":"706-746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Networking Architecture and Key Supporting Technologies for Human Digital Twin in Personalized Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3467-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Okegbile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Network Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9254-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Network Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on people\u2019s livelihoods, their health and our food systems.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"NHE fact sheet","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.13978"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0701-3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.2970807"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2013.51"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113524"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3095358"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3184070"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3045123"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3115119"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.21143"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.118.2200071"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10033-022-00680-w"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Siemens Healthineers Digital Twin of the Heart","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Philips heartmodel AI","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"CompBioMed Virtual Humans Film","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"SIMULIA living heart: Advancing cardiovascular science with realistic simulation","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"IBM digital twin","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"DigiTwin","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3384\/ecp1713235"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Sim & Cure","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Swedish digital twin consortium","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"European ecosystem for digital twins in healthcare","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Human digital twin","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953499"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3198273"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970143"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3171465"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3156062"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/digitaltwin.17475.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","first-page":"39","article-title":"Dtwins: A digital twins ecosystem for health and well-being","volume":"14","author":"Saddik","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE COMSOC MMTC Commun. Front."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2021.9436090"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Human digital twin: A survey","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.05937"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2022.132"},{"key":"ref37","author":"Barcelona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotwin"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2022.826402"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"ISB Group","author":"Cedersund","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42454-022-00041-x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2022.3205506"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"A systematic review on human modeling: Digging into human digital twin implementations","author":"Pascual","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.03593"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10842-y"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8798-2_12"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2000041"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.103.2100587"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2021.2013443"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mce.2022.3156305"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2869350"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2878265"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005916"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS-ISA56441.2022.00011"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2021.100014"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3042421"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971677"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BSN.2015.7299363"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702292"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900728"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9890831"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math9212808"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"SmartCap Tech","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3118971"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00709-x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041503"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"DentiTrac","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Smart jacket for health monitoring using LabVIEW","author":"Ch","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62097-6"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5038686"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-020-00081-w"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.01.052"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-019-3187-4"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3146926"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9630025"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref74","first-page":"1","article-title":"An assessment of suitable and affordable smart armband for preeclampsia management in antenatal care","volume":"3","author":"Musyoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2018.8589800"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062094"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1104000"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2680185"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2973314"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3104766"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820410024049"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GECOST52368.2021.9538653"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2018.2885463"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3224443"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012139"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7319290"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa7256"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16492"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4012847"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7060516"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55307-4_15"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3285398"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104696"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-021-00776-6"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11004-w"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1638463"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Human digital twin: Automated cell type distance computation and 3D atlas construction in multiplexed skin biopsies","author":"Ghose","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030502"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3176300"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3601"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102080"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125576"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928579"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3188473"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2793198"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2016.01.010"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2853148"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-021-02780-2"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2946359"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3034128"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2527741"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2367667"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17077\/dhm.31783"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2916496"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"Edge computing empowered tactile Internet for human digital twin: Visions and case study","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.07454"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.02.017"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041404"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2020.2980098"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.0001.1900075"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS.2019.8711100"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HAVE.2018.8547504"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3001359"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08680-0"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.101.2100269"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.107930"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2953266"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3191112"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65072-8_1"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"1","article-title":"Implementation and experimental evaluation of Reed-Solomon identification","volume-title":"Proc. 27th Eur. Wireless Conf.","author":"Ferrara"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3244071"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3036968"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2021.734402"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3071210"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2919300"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2022.104517"},{"key":"ref136","volume-title":"Mobile edge computing\u2014A key technology towards 5G","author":"Hu","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2891736"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2952354"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2019.8802162"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2021.9513635"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860619"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2843169"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10020293"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ITUK50268.2020.9303189"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2022.3185092"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3128887"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3026194"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3170146"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2886255"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3122350"},{"key":"ref151","article-title":"The human digital twin brain in the resting state and in action","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2211.15963"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2705720"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3150386"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2022.3155490"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid49817.2020.000-5"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3177522"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10000875"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3310106"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC52973.2021.00013"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3045266"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2912036"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2020-0131"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAECON46414.2019.9057834"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-018-2302-0"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010511"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971576"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3034324"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"2017","article-title":"\u2018Deep\u2019 learning for missing value imputation in tables with non-numerical data","volume-title":"Proc. ACM CIKM","author":"Biessmann"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856760"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mipro.2015.7160458"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2019.07.002"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.09.084"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103375"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIBCB.2019.8791236"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047942"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2018.12.010"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202167"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.05.048"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2980942"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8982881"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2943927"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897131"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/ces.2021.06"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0183-6"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67558-9_19"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154846"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.06.008"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2017.1356750"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.08.013"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62796-6_12"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSST.2010.5496972"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCAI53970.2022.9752473"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1100-4_2"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36664-3_23"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40012-017-0166-8"},{"key":"ref196","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards fog-based cyber-healthcare data storage security and availability","volume-title":"Proc. IST-Africa Conf.","author":"Akintoye"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12040579"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3067354"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123590"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/330"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903816"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2904302"},{"key":"ref203","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attack detection using federated learning in medical cyber-physical systems","volume-title":"Proc. ICCCN","author":"Schneble"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3026260"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2885561"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9194086"},{"key":"ref207","first-page":"1","article-title":"Devign: Effective vulnerability identification by learning comprehensive program semantics via graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Zhou"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN48934.2020.9071421"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2019.8885976"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQOS52092.2021.9521351"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2022.3185327"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECBES48179.2021.9398792"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UkrMiCo52950.2021.9716595"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3368819"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.03.014"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9629918"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45385-5_37"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45385-5_36"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3181823"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2022.3223306"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3181556"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2022.07.015"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcc.2022.3196937"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2022.3213531"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISADS.2017.22"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0574-6"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2020.012205"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3058953"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647713"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.11.284"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3180"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref232","first-page":"2547","article-title":"Leveraging digital twin technology in the healthcare industry\u2014A machine learning based approach","volume":"7","author":"Gochhait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051158"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-020-01393-6"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2020.2983930"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IoTaIS53735.2021.9628573"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000249"},{"key":"ref238","article-title":"Optimal policy determination in sequential systemic and locoregional therapy of oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas: A patient-physician digital twin dyad with deep q-learning for treatment selection","author":"Tardini","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3160697"},{"key":"ref240","article-title":"Stroke in the century: A snapshot of the burden, epidemiology, and quality of life","volume":"2018","author":"Donkor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.669811"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49656-2"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.652907"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.11.049"},{"key":"ref245","article-title":"A revolution of personalized healthcare: Enabling human digital twin with mobile AIGC","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.12115"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08331-2"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.04.001"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2875814"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975826"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2020.01.005"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814537"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0770-0"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794159"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4062430"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RCAR.2018.8621810"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.11.011"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794187"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1889\/5\/052029"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2327857923121000"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415227"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445472"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00543-y"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191"},{"key":"ref264","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Model-agnostic meta-learning for fast adaptation of deep networks","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Finn"},{"key":"ref265","article-title":"Potential threats of human digital twins for digital sovereignty and the sustainable development goals","author":"Mallinger","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33502"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/10445388\/10238695.pdf?arnumber=10238695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T05:31:09Z","timestamp":1725082269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10238695\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":266,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2023.3308717","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}