{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T14:59:26Z","timestamp":1784386766586,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3392642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T20:25:36Z","timestamp":1713903936000},"page":"2914-2960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The Metaverse: Survey, Trends, Novel Pipeline Ecosystem & Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6925-1006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Sami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0975-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Arafeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8710-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Wazzeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Arisdakessian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chahoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2121-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Wehbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSM, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Otrok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CS, Center of Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Abdel Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6915-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Mizouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CS, Center of Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Bentahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2264-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Talhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7259-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Dziong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CS, Center of Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ML, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3202047"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107498"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Snow Crash","author":"Stephenson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-022-00767-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-12-2021-0481"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43762-022-00051-0","article-title":"The metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: Platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts","volume":"2","author":"Bibri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Urban Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-022-00205-x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2022.101029"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0953-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.019.2100721"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105581"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Blockchain for the metaverse: A review","author":"Gadekallu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.09738"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCS.2022.3188249"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2024.3349465"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"A survey on metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2111.09673"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.05352"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"A full dive into realizing the edge-enabled metaverse: Visions, enabling technologies, and challenges","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.05471"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"When creators meet the metaverse: A survey on computational arts","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2111.13486"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2023.3347172"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107289"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"What Is the metaverse? Meaning, features, and importance","author":"BasuMallick","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"List of top metaverse platforms in 2022 that you should know","author":"Singh","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Oculus rift head mount display (HMD)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Oculus touch hand controller 2","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Exo-skin soft haptic exoskeletal interface","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.541645"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2021.024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","first-page":"120","article-title":"Towards indistinguishable augmented reality: A survey on optical see-through head-mounted displays","volume":"54","author":"Itoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surveys"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.3008693"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"267","article-title":"Metaverse: The world reimagined","volume-title":"Blockchain for Teens: With Case Studies and Examples of Blockchain Across Various Industries","author":"Wu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(21)01955-2"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Omni by virtuix | the leading and most popular VR treadmill","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Surplex wants to bring body-tracking shoes to virtual reality","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3083165.3083173"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsid.658"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.839659"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3145690.3145714"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131214.3131218"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartWorld.2018.00334"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24079"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312959"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION45008.2020.9190282"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3058573"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP55362.2022.9950044"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC53001.2021.9631507"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2017.7892226"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2018.10.002"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JET-01-2018-0004"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12749"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21520704.2018.1563573"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00144"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152199"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814538"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain55522.2022.00020"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"MetaAID: A flexible framework for developing metaverse applications via ai technology and human editing","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.01614"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2023.3288689"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Metaslicing: A novel resource allocation framework for metaverse","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2205.11087"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-018-0695-0"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.11.003"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.697667"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3056752"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451804"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.684498"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2020.3025753"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA55292.2022.9922509"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100030"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359626"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11203401"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Computeand data-intensive networks: The key to the metaverse","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.02001"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.126.2200385"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.02.014"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Exploring the unprecedented privacy risks of the metaverse","author":"Nair","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"A-frame","author":"Diego","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"VHIL","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"Home\u2014IEET.org","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"Electronic Frontier foundation","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/lpi2120222"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCMC53470.2022.9753727"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2021.3130480"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4658"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Metaverse communications, networking, security, and applications: Research issues, state-of-the-art, and future directions","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.13993"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.117.2200055"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2920594"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6GNet54646.2022.9830429"},{"key":"ref87","volume-title":"Intel is Working on the Plumbing for a Persistent and Immersive Internet","author":"Koduri","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2022.9815195"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2011.15"},{"key":"ref90","article-title":"Edge-enabled metaverse: The convergence of metaverse and mobile edge computing","author":"Dhelim","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2205.02764"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152245"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"335","article-title":"Branding in metaverse: Why big brand advertising in metaverse","volume-title":"Proc. Megafury Apriandhini, SH, MH Chair 4th OSC","author":"Utoyo"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31274\/itaa.13371"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2023.3263330"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCTURKEY56345.2022.9931866"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Unlocking metaverse-as-a-service the three pillars to watch: Privacy and security, edge computing, and blockchain","author":"Ahsani","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2301.01221"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"112","article-title":"Potential of money laundering in the metaverse era","volume-title":"Proc. Megafury Apriandhini, SH, MH Chair 4th OSC","author":"Isfarin"},{"key":"ref98","volume-title":"Blockchain for regtech: Streamlining know your customer (KYC) pipelines","author":"Tan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473567"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449090"},{"key":"ref101","volume-title":"Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace","author":"Lessig","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367549407088329"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCSW56584.2022.00058"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450290"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344862"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130813"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130883"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01123"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00291"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2822013.2822017"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998358"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2018.9010100"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"LCR-Net++: Multi-person 2D and 3D pose detection in natural images","author":"Rogez","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1803.00455"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3005522"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2931603"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2480741.2480751"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3471140"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3089603"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIoT48696.2020.9089570"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394160013.ch8"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-1252-0_104"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082080899"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JBS-01-2022-0014"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57019\/jmv.1176938"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33302-6_20"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-29132-6_6"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103382"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00183"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3572864.3580337"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Dynamic environment mapping for augmented reality applications on mobile devices","author":"Monroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1809.08134"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550291"},{"key":"ref133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immersive visualization of the classical non-Euclidean spaces using real-time ray tracing in VR","volume-title":"Proc. Graph. Interface","author":"Velho"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317697.3325123"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281505.3281546"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I3DA48870.2021.9610971"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i3.20190"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2020.2971677"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3569966.3570056"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3323035"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051832"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001548"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VS-GAMES.2010.30"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775265.775268"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/261135.261142"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2008.4480750"},{"key":"ref147","volume-title":"Generating data for managing encounters in a virtual world environment","author":"Bates","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref148","volume-title":"Virtual universe account protection","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref149","volume-title":"Unity technologies","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref150","volume-title":"Autodesk empowers innovators everywhere to make the new possible","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref151","volume-title":"Home of the blender project\u2014Free and open 3D creation software","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref152","volume-title":"ZBrush\u2014The all-in-one-digital sculpting solution","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21175986"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997751"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800357"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.106100"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3523230.3523235"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2021.3075988"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCS55155.2022.9845967"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APWCS55727.2022.9906483"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.113420"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546607.3546611"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15546-8_23"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app112311087"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPSISA52974.2021.00032"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia2010031"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTS.2018.2826060"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.004.2100182"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315805"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3785734"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33830\/humayafhisip.v2i2.4107"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON52537.2022.9766497"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751347"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845288"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270"},{"key":"ref176","volume-title":"How to check if your PC can run your VR headset","author":"Hill","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref177","volume-title":"Fortnite\u2019s Marshmello concert was the game\u2019s biggest event ever","author":"Webster","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref178","volume-title":"Virtual concerts in the metaverse (part 62)","author":"Brew","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2022.06.005"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAEE54169.2022.9840630"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3479238"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.103130"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3174910.3174952"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.99114"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2022.102742"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-95108-5_6"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13031353"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCC55198.2022.9943778"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3222521"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357150.3357395"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57019\/jmv.1148015"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2022.3178509"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17968-6_22"},{"key":"ref194","first-page":"1","article-title":"Image GANs meet differentiable rendering for inverse graphics and interpretable 3D neural rendering","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00447"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001237"},{"key":"ref197","article-title":"Non-fungible token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2105.07447"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA50787.2020.9274085"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3079510"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.03.039"},{"key":"ref201","article-title":"Realizing the metaverse with edge intelligence: A match made in heaven","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun."},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2022.11.004"},{"key":"ref203","volume-title":"The 26 most expensive sold NFTS in the world","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34732-0_28"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517548"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1237\/2\/022082"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2956408"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445170"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2022.3181504"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2878714"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-6513-4.ch004"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI54793.2022.00051"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2019.2963643"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3066625"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000505"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.05.021"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3380613"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3099290"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1365\/s43439-022-00056-9"},{"key":"ref220","article-title":"A comprehensive survey and analysis of generative models in machine learning","volume":"38","author":"Harshvardhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-06070-1_9"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22336-5_8"},{"key":"ref223","first-page":"1","article-title":"Security and privacy in the metaverse: The threat of the digital human","volume-title":"Proc. CHI EA","author":"Buck"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2018.5920"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00658-8"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2865724"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14022"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2921336"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05383-8"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroXRAINE54828.2022.9967588"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3508360"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.05.006"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2019.8798247"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.01.017"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.5477"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/et.2022.0408"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2021.2001273"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/jsme10220225"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCI53720.2022.9734827"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.05.004"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/pihrm10120227"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3179207"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref243","first-page":"10282","article-title":"A study on satisfaction with virtual object manipulation in metaverse based on mixed reality","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Positive School Psychol."},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3310102"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3172370"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.09.020"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60117-1_35"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519616"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9739\/10762797\/10507201.pdf?arnumber=10507201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T22:44:22Z","timestamp":1732661062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10507201\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":248,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2024.3392642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}