{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:18:10Z","timestamp":1784211490412,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research (ONR) under","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-19-1-2621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-19-1-2621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2128448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2128448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-2335876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2335876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2107216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2107216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2128368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2128368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI-2222810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI-2222810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-2302469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2302469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000140","name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000140","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004405","name":"Toyota Motor Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Amazon"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Adopting Sustainable Partnerships for Innovative Research Ecosystem","award":["JPMJAP2326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJAP2326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3412852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T18:55:39Z","timestamp":1718132139000},"page":"37-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Less Data, More Knowledge: Building Next-Generation Semantic Communication Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Chaccour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ericsson, Inc., Chelmsford, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wireless@VT, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9rouane","family":"Debbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU 6G Research Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Vincent Poor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3143454"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2898944"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2972352"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM52596.2021.9653011"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2989924"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14175322"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700560"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108966559"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001187"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2100338"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"NeuroRAN: Rethinking virtualization for AI-native radio access networks in 6G","author":"Carbone","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2104.08111"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2017.2758370"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2021.9663101"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","first-page":"261","article-title":"Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication","volume":"10","author":"Weaver","year":"1953","journal-title":"ETC, Rev. Gener. Semant."},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Semantic communications: Principles and challenges","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2201.01389"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103134"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"6G networks: Beyond Shannon towards semantic and goal-oriented communications","volume":"190","author":"Strinati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3223408"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.101.2100269"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Towards semantic communications: A paradigm shift","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.06692"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Semantic communications for 6G future Internet: Fundamentals, applications, and challenges","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2207.00427"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119765554.ch16","article-title":"6G and the post-Shannon theory\u2014Shaping future 6G networks","volume-title":"Shaping Future 6G Networks: Needs, Impacts, and Technologies","author":"Cabrera","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.920772"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC.2006.13"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3191326"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO55093.2022.9909863"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Curriculum learning for goal-oriented semantic communications with a common language","author":"Farshbafan","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.10429"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2200177"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221976"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2019.8885591"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2900624"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59035-6"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Semantic-functional communications for multiuser event transmissions via random maps","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.03223"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3019341"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2019.2944596"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/WiOpt56218.2022.9930549"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.106.2100636"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3213227"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsa.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Information Theory","author":"Ash","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2018.0041"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC51304.2022.9833928"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7970-4"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685667"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413657"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01285-2"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty895"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2010.938080"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8461983"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2919300"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/imaiai\/iaaa033"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"12386","article-title":"On plasticity, invariance, and mutually frozen weights in sequential task learning","volume-title":"Proc. 35th Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Zilly"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3071210"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3132067"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"7523","article-title":"On learning invariant representations for domain adaptation","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"5264","article-title":"Domain invariant representation learning with domain density transformations","volume-title":"Proc. 35th Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Nguyen"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"3094","article-title":"A universal approximation theorem of deep neural networks for expressing probability distributions","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Lu"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Semantic communications with AI tasks","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2109.14170"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500590"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3136045"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.013.2100642"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3180802"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3191112"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838470"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e24060846"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685056"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221950"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-59648-7_2"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Topos and stacks of deep neural networks","author":"Belfiore","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2106.14587"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009070218"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804199"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"From statistical to causal learning","author":"Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.00607"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3058954"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803161"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Causal machine learning: A survey and open problems","author":"Kaddour","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.15475"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"8765","article-title":"Debiased contrastive learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Chuang"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Representation learning via invariant causal mechanisms","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.07922"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"16196","article-title":"Counterfactual invariance to spurious correlations in text classification","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Veitch"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130011"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Neuro-symbolic causal reasoning meets signaling game for emergent semantic communications","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2210.12040"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"27381","article-title":"Flow network based generative models for non-iterative diverse candidate generation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Bengio"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3194978"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07231-3"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2926625"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511895043"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/570639"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Intelligent O-RAN for beyond 5G and 6G wireless networks","author":"Niknam","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2005.08374"},{"key":"ref89","volume-title":"Intelligent Automation Guide Series: Intelligent Optimization How Intelligent RAN Automation Will Re-Energize The SON Market","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/9739\/10887382\/10554663-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/10887382\/10554663.pdf?arnumber=10554663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T20:55:36Z","timestamp":1740084936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10554663\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2024.3412852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}}}