{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:07:24Z","timestamp":1784214444185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, an investment in the advancement of cyber research and development, innovation, and workforce development"},{"name":"OpenRAN@Brasil Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3539687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T13:50:03Z","timestamp":1738936203000},"page":"800-840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Managing O-RAN Networks: xApp Development From Zero to Hero"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Huff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internet Systems and Technologies, Universidade Tecnol&#x00F3;gica Federal do Paran&#x00E1;, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8900-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Goi&#x00E1;s, Goi&#x00E2;nia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kleber V.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Goi&#x00E1;s, Goi&#x00E2;nia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9776-4888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano B.","family":"Both","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, S&#x00E3;o Leopoldo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz A.","family":"DaSilva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107284"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923020"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3009863"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"O-RAN Alliance\u2014Summit expanding O-RAN adoption and future outlook","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458864.3466912"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3188013"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52953\/GJII3746"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.101.2000014"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796744"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008676"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Intelligent closed-loop RAN control with xApps in OpenRAN gym","author":"Bonati","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2208.14877"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Understanding O-RAN: Architecture, interfaces, algorithms, security, and research challenges","author":"Polese","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2202.01032"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"O-RAN software community","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FNWF55208.2022.00096"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"O-RAN software community","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3430823"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3334610"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110292"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3434419"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3336190"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008713"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"O-RAN AI\/ML Workflow Description and Requirements","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"O-RAN Near-RT RIC Architecture","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Series 1: Intro to open RAN: A beginner\u2019s playlist","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"IEEE 5G\/6G innovation testbed","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Open RAN curriculum","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"O-RAN hands-on training","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Wireless technical courses","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"xApp development from zero to hero: Online resources","author":"Santos","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3046535"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.101.2001120"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2355255"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Open Source MANO","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Open network automation platform","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000406"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2620728.2620744"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485983.3494870"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"SD-RAN platform","author":"Foundation","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB55706.2022.9828613"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/WONS60642.2024.10449499"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2024.02.001"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.2311"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"RIC VirtualBox VMs as installation hosts","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"New installer","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"O-RAN application SDK","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","first-page":"2","article-title":"Docker: Lightweight Linux containers for consistent development and deployment","volume":"239","author":"Merkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Linux J."},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Kubernetes: Up and Running","author":"Burns","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC.2019.8666479"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477086.3480842"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001658"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"402","article-title":"RFT: Scalable and fault-tolerant microservices for the O-RAN control plane","volume-title":"Proc. IFIP\/IEEE Int. Symp. Integr. Netw. Manag. (IM)","author":"Huff"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3565474.3569070"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps52748.2021.9681936"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145375"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON52354.2021.9491579"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NFV-SDN56302.2022.9974940"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA52953.2021.00154"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPMC55625.2022.10014755"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.003.2200229"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3266642"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2023.1127039"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Python xApp framework","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"SNS telecom & IT: Open RAN intelligent controller, xApps & rApps to reach $600 million by 2025","author":"Weissberger","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"RIC applications (RICAPP)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"O-RAN software community\u2014G-Release","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"xApp writer\u2019s guide","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"RIC message router\u2013RMR","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Shared data layer","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"User-guide\u2014Subscription manager","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Sim E2 interface","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"On-boarding and deploying xApps","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Dockerfile reference","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Docker official images","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Docker Tag","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Docker build","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"Docker registry","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"RIC installation guide","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"RIC_message_types.h","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"RMR library","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref80","volume-title":"Anomaly detection use case","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"RIC A1 mediator","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Traffic steering use case","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"stslgo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367527"},{"key":"ref85","volume-title":"ONOS-UENIB","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB55706.2022.9828559"},{"key":"ref87","volume-title":"RESTful Web Services: The Basics","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref88","volume-title":"Python Requests Essentials","author":"Chandra","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref89","volume-title":"E2 General Aspects and Principles (E2GAP)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3336162"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3364840"},{"key":"ref92","volume-title":"O-RAN software specifications","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref93","volume-title":"E2 service model (E2SM)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477086.3480842"},{"key":"ref95","volume-title":"How to create your own SM?","author":"Foundation","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Detection of denial of service attacks on the open radio access network intelligent controller through the E2 interface","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref97","volume-title":"Subscription manager","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592149.3592161"},{"key":"ref99","volume-title":"E2 simulator","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref100","volume-title":"PyCrate","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref101","volume-title":"CURL man page","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref102","volume-title":"RIC xApp manager","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref103","volume-title":"Routing manager","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref104","volume-title":"Database as a service","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS61880.2024.10620874"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS57453.2023.10225883"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437367"},{"key":"ref108","volume-title":"O-RAN Alliance","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData-Cybermatics60724.2023.00095"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Learning and reconstructing conflicts in O-RAN: A graph neural network approach","author":"Zolghadr","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2412.14119"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"PACIFISTA: Conflict evaluation and management in open RAN","author":"del Prever","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.04395"},{"key":"ref112","volume-title":"Implement authentication and authorization in internal xApp-facing and operator-facing Interfaces","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980159.2980163"},{"key":"ref114","volume-title":"TeraVM RIC Test","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/11321210\/10877797.pdf?arnumber=10877797","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:42:36Z","timestamp":1767332556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10877797\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":114,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2025.3539687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}