{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:40:32Z","timestamp":1775230832460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":337,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"6G Science and Technology Innovation and Future Industry Cultivation Special Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24DP1501001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24DP1501001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018539","name":"National High Quality Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TC220H07D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC220H07D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3648577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T18:29:29Z","timestamp":1766687369000},"page":"4394-4428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["AI-Driven Wireless Positioning: Fundamentals, Standards, State-of-the-Art, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7385-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangjin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1014-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9153-7035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7894-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shugong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Science, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3586979"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2025.3600205"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3364257"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2785181"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2911558"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2761740"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3412852"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3437248"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090308"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2464084"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2671454"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2631146"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2855063"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2867935"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2915923"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2951036"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3014304"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of machine learning based localization with wireless signals","author":"Burghal","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2012.11171"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3096730"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3178209"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3177305"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3203890"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3324952"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3449031"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3417336"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3423629"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3307818"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2300428"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.007.2300224"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2300359"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3348873"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3310032"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3297248"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3408315"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3234532"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2023.3320405"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3234254"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2942929"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2696953"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.175"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0002.2100036"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3149048"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Observation compression in rate-limited closed-loop distributed ISAC systems: From signal reconstruction to control","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.01780"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3277525"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120492"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-016-0034-z"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2974285"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12071533"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Active inference framework for closed-loop sensing, communication, and control in UAV systems","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.14201"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2003.819035"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2009.5073384"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2393838"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2777457"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC55385.2023.10119056"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.102610.101581"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2004.842276"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2009.2021323"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3153362"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LNET.2022.3226462"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3380737"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414000"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8462098"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997470"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3440186"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1","article-title":"An HMM-based localization scheme using adaptive forward algorithm for LTE networks","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE WCSP","author":"Dengke"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2907109"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3082553"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.3035210"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2023.3338252"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2782479"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3192180"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC46691.2019.8939702"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200344"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2018.8645281"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647535"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2019.8815478"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3417892"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ComNet47917.2020.9306087"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC51304.2022.9834004"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC60668.2024.10694164"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3225054"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860709"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP58612.2023.10404263"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866979"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MeditCom58224.2023.10266632"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348571"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC51304.2022.9834035"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3087251"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF59524.2023.10477084"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC60668.2024.10694402"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10000794"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2994037"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838889"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3486007"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2012.020212.111992"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2939209"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2813058"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2545523"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3220506"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500623"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3048253"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3278235"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3239556"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2973212"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3418900"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"24261","article-title":"MLP-mixer: An all-MLP architecture for vision","volume-title":"Proc. 35th Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Tolstikhin"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.27-8-2020.2294221"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3586012"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Towards channel foundation models (CFMs): Motivations, methodologies and opportunities","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.13637"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Context-aware deep learning for robust channel extrapolation in fluid antenna systems","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.04435"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2024.3390833"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3010251"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3260953"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3237359"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3054977"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2017.8053243"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2013.6707742"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.113"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322799"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3173003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref124","article-title":"Enabling 6G through multi-domain channel extrapolation: Opportunities and challenges of generative artificial intelligence","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.01125"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3558950"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"21297","article-title":"SOFT: Softmax-free transformer with linear complexity","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Lu"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.11929"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3348203"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3381433"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3513439"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2024.3405859"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3079209"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322766"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3345856"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3057446"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.753"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3213473"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"73","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","volume":"27","author":"Goodfellow"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3130191"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.754"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3207287"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2021.3134634"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2025.3619472"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.667410"},{"key":"ref146","volume-title":"Location Services (LCS); Service Description","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref147","volume-title":"Stage 2 Functional Specification of User Equipment (UE) Positioning in UTRAN","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref148","volume-title":"Stage 2 Functional Specification of UE Positioning in E-UTRAN","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref149","volume-title":"RF Pattern Matching Location Method in LTE","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref150","volume-title":"Feasibility of Positioning Enhancements for E-UTRA","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref151","volume-title":"Study on Positioning Use Cases","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref152","volume-title":"Service Requirements for the 5G System","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref153","volume-title":"NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref154","volume-title":"Study on NR Positioning Enhancements","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref155","volume-title":"Study on Scenarios and Requirements of in-Coverage, Partial Coverage, and Out-of-Coverage NR Positioning Use Cases","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref156","volume-title":"Study on Expanded and Improved NR Positioning","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref157","volume-title":"Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI)\/Machine Learning (ML) for NR Air Interface","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108632"},{"key":"ref159","article-title":"Large wireless localization model (LWLM): A foundation model for positioning in 6G networks","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.10134"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3544694"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3536879"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903236"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2019.8746362"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979220"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10113980"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2967726"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3265272"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2994945"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3009659"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3039251"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3172863"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP55476.2022.10039221"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3323564"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3329655"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3273769"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322795"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2022.101695"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3209735"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3344288"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2024.3429388"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3432798"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3548180"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150511701"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3046531"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3234123"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2496584"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2019.16702"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322803"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8461301"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013265"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/Eusipco47968.2020.9287673"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2019.8746435"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051064"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN51156.2021.9662625"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC51732.2021.9376176"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2023.109047"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3241178"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN48605.2020.9207191"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN57070.2023.10332470"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JISPIN.2024.3422908"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIC51217.2021.9369791"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Radar53847.2021.10028289"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ell2.12719"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3151018"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3138850"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3054757"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2851783"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924156"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012582"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3072564"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2884464"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2874430"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3005221"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2977894"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3089927"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3114058"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3391338"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i1.27773"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3007894"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2024.3387299"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps52748.2021.9682146"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3224586"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2024.3362061"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2024.3360527"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3171820"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC55456.2022.9880615"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-02124-1"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3187661"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3529535"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2959308"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2876832"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2884193"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3024845"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICL-GNSS51451.2021.9452245"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3466513"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.22444"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2018.8533777"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC55385.2023.10118753"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3445285"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488913"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP49889.2020.9299825"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3451699"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3060482"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3326825"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3232221"},{"key":"ref246","article-title":"Transfer learning-enhanced instantaneous multi-person indoor localization by CSI","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.01153"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3434986"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2019.8891257"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2892590"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP52459.2021.9613431"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3296752"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3049894"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2789431"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2017.2653189"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3170147"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2631980"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928832"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3277248"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3326935"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT62411.2024.10946503"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2933779"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3106154"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2018.8690989"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2936412"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3450710"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN54987.2022.9918146"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3243196"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2958201"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3232858"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2022.3163358"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3052606"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3330736"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757636"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3530698"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3440175"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951406"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3142261"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2608946"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2880247"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2908000"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2737004"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2912808"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3403098"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322788"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3422399"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3457833"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3181008"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3344800"},{"key":"ref289","article-title":"Lessons from deploying learning-based CSI localization on a large-scale ISAC platform","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.17173"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3233475"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3359047"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3067957"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3383055"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3420122"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3025127"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2957778"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3413994"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3273702"},{"key":"ref299","article-title":"UNILoc: Unified localization combining model-based geometry and unsupervised learning","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.17676"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC51323.2021.9498616"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ALLERTON.2019.8919897"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC51323.2021.9498723"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF59524.2023.10477049"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JISPIN.2024.3424768"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3386571"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC60668.2024.10694093"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC51304.2022.9833966"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMLCN.2023.3256964"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF59524.2023.10476839"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2023.3340993"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.004.2200716"},{"key":"ref312","article-title":"DeepMIMO: A generic deep learning dataset for millimeter wave and massive MIMO applications","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1902.06435"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3101908"},{"key":"ref314","article-title":"WAIR-D: Wireless AI research dataset","author":"Huangfu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.02159"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps58843.2023.10464657"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9128579"},{"key":"ref317","volume-title":"Study on Channel Model for Frequencies From 0.5 to 100 GHz","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref318","volume-title":"Wireless Insite"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2013.6649206"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.80"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3397793"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC55385.2023.10118848"},{"key":"ref323","article-title":"To prune, or not to prune: Exploring the efficacy of pruning for model compression","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1710.01878"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11623"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33011190"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3420733"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3235773"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414592"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3355288"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3357780"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000050"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3600286"},{"key":"ref333","article-title":"RadioDiff-loc: Diffusion model enhanced scattering congnition for NLoS localization with sparse radio map estimation","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.01875"},{"key":"ref334","article-title":"Semantic communication for rate-limited closed-loop distributed communication-sensing-control systems","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2512.19177"},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3361173"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3210307"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3214211"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/11321210\/11315904.pdf?arnumber=11315904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:20:50Z","timestamp":1768627250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11315904\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":337,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2025.3648577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}