{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:23:30Z","timestamp":1778052210292,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":338,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-CRP23-2019-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-CRP23-2019-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG14\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG14\/25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2026.3687119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:01:02Z","timestamp":1776974462000},"page":"6018-6056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RIS for 6G THz Networks: Advances in Modeling, Hardware, Signal Processing, and Standardization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rithwik","family":"Premanand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narendra","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6864-1224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. S.","family":"Madhukumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900107"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1438-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2021.672857"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3077737"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3205505"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900488"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2955-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2948888"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571072"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2921208"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A survey of 6G wireless communications: Emerging technologies","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2004.08549"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3031234"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e24111573"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.011.2100195"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3482564"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2014.01.006"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2021.05.007"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN.2017.8088634"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1580-1588"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3123364"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2355137"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3017393"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622760"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622299"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Metamaterials54993.2022.9920752"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2159552"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2734243"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.033014.130403"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-013-0014-3"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700928"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1900271"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2016.2569460"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622665"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3273221"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3125461"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.004.2200136"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3182539"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"6G survey on challenges, requirements, applications, key enabling technologies, use cases, AI integration issues and security aspects","author":"Sajjad Akbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.00868"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700659"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2936025"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2922609"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000267"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3004197"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2021.3130549"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c03625"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202100932"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2100016"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051897"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"A general framework for RIS-aided mmWave communication networks: Channel estimation and mobile user tracking","author":"Eddine Zegrar","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2009.01180"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3292357"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9148827"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3209669"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.128.2200446"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13020285"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3186087"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3001125"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3293859"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288250"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202270210"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3214471"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3035391"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.2969751"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2021.3106230"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3144364"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3461814"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3142272"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC56721.2023.10293764"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3288588"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3185977"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Prototyping and real-world field trials of RIS-aided wireless communications","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2308.03263"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3169917"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3116151"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3393612"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.2992604"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3143454"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3261547"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.110.2100664"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2022.3195671"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3536517"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.081011.100545"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.072313.121581"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838660"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2019.2923727"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adpr.202470020"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP51087.2021.9411304"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900323"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500473"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29374-6"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3342775"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052554"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/emsci.2022.0011"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2021.3110865"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCChinaW.2019.8849960"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2994100"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2023.3296598"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3064949"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860783"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9348112"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3070064"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3357596"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2024-Spring62846.2024.10683306"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/21\/325"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.835916"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.65"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3386413"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3839"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232009"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20073560"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.066804"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2921162"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1800384"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417893"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2016.2640452"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2505703"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5011063"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3233659"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2019.8917871"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3050826"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007055"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007037"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3147533"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2986438"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007056"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000407"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12676\/j.cc.2019.02.001"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328111"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3456603"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-024-02347-7"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622564"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622306"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367503"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2020.100284"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2023.3237004"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0355-6"},{"key":"ref139","article-title":"A comprehensive study of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in generalized fading","author":"Trigui","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2004.02922"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-022-02168-6"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622315"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622269"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3454414"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3231893"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900308"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00897-6"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622611"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622758"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41763-z"},{"issue":"54","key":"ref150","article-title":"Terahertz sensing and communication towards future intelligence connected networks","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Huawei Res."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3385908"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3023731"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.32373"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3249835"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3029632"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900698"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9149153"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3424856"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3450914"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3602389"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622827"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860355"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348853"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622184"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3405973"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3124812"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2966855"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2959337"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2022.3155905"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3098576"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2021.3051209"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622890"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3464872"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3131978"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2019.8757158"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2023.103379"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622188"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3414997"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2200047"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622551"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622629"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2021.3121647"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3071836"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622601"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10623043"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10623079"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3052462"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3195536"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2990766"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000807"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10623076"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935192"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001076"},{"key":"ref194","article-title":"Multihop RIS-assisted FSO-RF system over double generalized gamma fading","volume-title":"arXiv:2108.07236","author":"Chapala","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3117599"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3108020"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3163587"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34562-5"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3061274"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2892198"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3432448"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3162645"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3441035"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2386335"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2022.06.038"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968456"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2024.3439328"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3245669"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-023-00118-8"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3024887"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10000979"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3113954"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2019.2909975"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3018808"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622180"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3019666"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3024860"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3002955"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2023.3332571"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3140869"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3217327"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201700624"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2019.0733"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2021.3105576"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2966705"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3020925"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3003400"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473890"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048882"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3283417"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3328859"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3205730"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051682"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3169276"},{"key":"ref235","first-page":"4384","article-title":"Diversity and SEP analysis of IRS-assisted systems in correlated Rayleigh fading channels","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.","author":"Ashna"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622370"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000806"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2990431"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2973073"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995435"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2400142"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98065-x"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145343"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622258"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3287995"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3228956"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3064024"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3443173"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3212749"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3007521"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10623035"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2958916"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3102887"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3057379"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3069174"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10623086"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3349371"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACRIM47961.2019.8985103"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000811"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3071824"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3184074"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007060"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3220701"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCWorkshops49972.2020.9209937"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3246264"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3021434"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3052074"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS58109.2023.10261140"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2842724"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3038434"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622252"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/18\/6\/063002"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.015.2100674"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000876"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622814"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3098447"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3295912"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCTech58360.2022.00008"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.fa.2024-0473.202602"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3464348"},{"key":"ref281","article-title":"220 GHz RIS-aided multi-user terahertz communication system: Prototype design and over-the-air experimental trials","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.16970"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12425"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622448"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-00497-2"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731671"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/abc77c"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4958739"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3147221"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201300265"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4867276"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.027152"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.002324"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c00991"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.08.020"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11113157"},{"key":"ref296","article-title":"Graphene reflectarray metasurface for terahertz beam steering and phase modulation","author":"Tamagnone","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1806.02202"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-018-0024-y"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001418"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202101699"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35439"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201701204"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201808157"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201300384"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c01263"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5144858"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39152-y"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201600716"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.163222"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3183163"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3352828"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3556564.3558236"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201801709"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.202000407"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06360-5"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6439\/ac1eed"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-010-9646-8"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2024.3435506"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMMT61774.2024.10672056"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202302047"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2971486"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2977772"},{"key":"ref322","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and metamaterials: The potential of wave propagation control for 6G wireless communications","author":"Alexandropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.11136"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053976"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW48565.2020.9124848"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2023.3282832"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2021.3127897"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3349624.3356764"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM50620.2020.9282349"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01690-0"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC60321.2024.10486034"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3615360.3625093"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2544498"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3085780"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115034"},{"key":"ref335","article-title":"Potential standardization work for reconfigurable intelligent surface white paper","volume-title":"FuTURE Forum, Nanjing, China","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref336","volume-title":"Terahertz Technology (THz); Identification of Frequency Bands of Interest for THz Communication Systems","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref337","volume-title":"Open RAN Update","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS65812.2025.11152828"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/11321210\/11494009.pdf?arnumber=11494009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:48:06Z","timestamp":1778050086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11494009\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":338,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2026.3687119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}