{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:15:42Z","timestamp":1783660542996,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by Korean Government [Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)], South Korea","award":["RS-2025-00556064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00556064"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by Korean Government [Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)], South Korea","award":["RS-2025-25442355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25442355"]}]},{"name":"MSIT, under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) Support Program supervised by the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation","award":["IITP-2026-RS-2021-II212046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2026-RS-2021-II212046"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Project Qubysm","award":["576171458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["576171458"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-04222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-04222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2026.3694353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T19:49:45Z","timestamp":1779133785000},"page":"6552-6591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantum Clock Synchronization Networks: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9089-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uman","family":"Khalid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0769-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shohibul","family":"Ulum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7358-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Mujirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Bj\u00f6rnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3364-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyundong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35086525"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.87.637"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.497090"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/18\/8\/083035"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Exponential scaling of clock stability with atom number","author":"Rosenband","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv:1303.6357"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19053221004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.090802"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.92.063814"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","first-page":"377","article-title":"On the synchronization of clocks","volume":"8","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prespacetime J."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.235"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07982"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0170107"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.021016"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3651781.3651834"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-012-5241-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/ars-9-1-2011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12443"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/QIM.2017.QF3B.5"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.105.042009"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Quantum clocks and their synchronisation\u2014The alternate ticks game","author":"Rankovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1506.01373"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.86.010304"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2017.0773"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.201800076"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-2585-y"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ac1d96"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.107.022221"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2010.1469"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2019.170208"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.104.070802"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7896"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.116.063001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.231"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.159"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192720"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"67","article-title":"Atomic clocks: New prospects in metrology and geodesy","volume":"7","author":"Delva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Futura"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-016-0986-6"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-017-0042-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggv246"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.94.124043"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.221102"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3137"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.91.015015"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-016-0009"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.061301"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01440-4"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1059","volume-title":"Network Time Protocol (Version 1) Specification and Implementation","author":"Mills","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1119","volume-title":"Network Time Protocol (Version 2) Specification and Implementation","author":"Mills","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1305","volume-title":"Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation and Analysis","author":"Mills","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111391"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/aap.2019.21"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5170022","article-title":"Quantum-assisted network time synchronisation: A literature review, considering examples and challenges","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjqt\/s40507-025-00399-2"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0738-2"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5538"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06032-5"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC57260.2024.10570688"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/adad92"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0220546"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.013601"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.109.023512"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01439"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.103605"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"302","article-title":"Network time synchronization as a quantum physical layer service","volume-title":"Proc. 28th Eur. Wireless Conf.","author":"Nunavath"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02286203.2020.1738035"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/237\/3\/032027"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3PGCIC.2015.74"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110668"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9288"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/COL202321.032701"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OGC62429.2024.10738728"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.19.054082"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3153655"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110734"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.23.014052"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO55745.2023.10115619"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.94.043841"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.94.052118"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.95.022204"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5121412"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Quantum clock synchronization for future NASA deep space quantum links and fundamental science","author":"Troupe","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2209.15122"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2025.3554260"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.23.044015"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/5.0167549"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.120801"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-022-01653-5"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.020402"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.65.022309"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Phase mapping of remote clocks using quantum entanglement","author":"Shahriar","year":"2000","journal-title":"arXiv:quant-ph\/0010007"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/21\/10\/100309"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1797561"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.88.052314"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-018-0090-2"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICAQ.539083"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/abcd7a"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-024-00803-2"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq8982"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.030305"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.106.063715"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40720-5"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.133603"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47207-3"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.012069"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.521083"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2024.3520212"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.117902"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/4\/045011"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foundations5020015"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5235914","article-title":"Operational privileged simultaneity: A magnitude-matching framework linking relativistic navigation and quantum clock synchronization","author":"Ho","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.918844"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.2006"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.042301"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11018-023-02220-x"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1998.0164"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"Quantum clock synchronization with one qubit","author":"Harrelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"arXiv:cs\/0103021"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.2010"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0253-6102\/40\/1\/45"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.20.044006"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.66.024305"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.86.014301"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4903101"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.84.014301"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.92.032321"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.210801"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QCNC62729.2024.00049"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.70.043808"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1834461"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0031166"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.501323"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/QIM.2017.QF3A.4"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.100.023849"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3000"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-02644-2"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109772"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-023-01580-9"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.480486"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14087-z"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e20020065"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.230801"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.93.021404"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/12\/6\/065032"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.123601"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.033602"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM56090.2022.10000428"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437698"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-025-01018-9"},{"key":"ref146","first-page":"1","article-title":"One-way clock synchronization with single photons","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO)","author":"Spiess"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/CLEO_AT.2024.JW2A.221"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/ad0ce0"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-012-1249-9"},{"key":"ref150","article-title":"Cavity enhanced emission from telecom rare-earth system in colloidal host","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.01139"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08325"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/revmodphys.83.33"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.65.022314"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4266\/4\/4\/331"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.68.2421"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.45.6659"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.390149"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.88.043845"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0225082"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.65.052317"},{"key":"ref161","article-title":"Quantum clock synchronization and quantum error correction","author":"Preskill","year":"2000","journal-title":"arXiv:quant-ph\/0010098"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.65.062319"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0011396"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1054660X06110065"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-024-08175-3"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12693\/APhysPolA.125.606"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0253-6102\/58\/2\/08"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3938\/jkps.68.497"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.80.787"},{"key":"ref170","article-title":"Synchronize accelerated clock in a multipartite relativistic quantum system","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1801.01666"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.201900067"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3043505"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.201900003"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616427114"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.93.065008"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2018.2835772"},{"key":"ref177","first-page":"59","article-title":"Secure quantum clock synchronization","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE","volume":"10547","author":"Lamas-Linares"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5086493"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.455542"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5121489"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-020-0892-y"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2581862"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.010502"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMIP.2017.68"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2018.01.006"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OSAC.2.002883"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.002011"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/4\/1\/343"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23655"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.381013"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.13.054041"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23080988"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.202200051"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2701\/1\/012017"},{"key":"ref195","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synchronization of quantum communication systems based on correlated photons","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO)","author":"Spiess"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.433631"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.108.032604"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11472"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23675"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2024.131305"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.13.021001"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3211"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3194860"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.107.022615"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.108.062613"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjqt\/s40507-023-00207-9"},{"key":"ref207","article-title":"Quantum clock synchronization network with silicon-chip dual-pumped entangled photon source","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.09932"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-023-04158-z"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11433-023-2302-8"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mic.2026.3652322"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.111.012618"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.70.062322"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307X\/23\/2\/006"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-018-2057-9"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2012.07.029"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/CLEO_QELS.2015.FTu2A.2"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30453"},{"key":"ref218","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental demonstration of femtosecond-level quantum clock synchronization","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)","author":"Quan"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.000614"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.434386"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0061478"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLEO\/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232472"},{"key":"ref223","first-page":"1","article-title":"First demonstration of nonlocal two-way quantum clock synchronization on fiber link","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)","author":"Feiyan"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.451172"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.534173"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0191453"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/acedc9"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2023.3323434"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024012"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.533582"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3029131"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2937331"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2025.3589296"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3221012"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/11321210\/11523434.pdf?arnumber=11523434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:59:22Z","timestamp":1783659562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11523434\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":234,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2026.3694353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}